Enid Lee, Incorporating Antiracism Essay Example for Free

Enid Lee, Incorporating Antiracism EssayIn Taking Multicultural, Antiracist pedagogy Seriously, Barbara Miner interviews Enid Lee, a leader in antiracist education as noned on her website, Enidlee. com. She pushes for the use of the frontier antiracist because the tem currently in use, multicultural, is too nice, revolve arounding more on food and fun rather than hard issues of racism. Although her interview is inspiring and very necessary, most facets of her presentation seem to swing to far to the militant side to garner widespread acceptance. First, Lee explains that in some(prenominal) schools, European posters, readings, games and activities dominate the landscape. While I believe this is true in some cases, I do not believe it to be true in all cases. Many, many classrooms in which I have learned, observed and taught have been filled with pictures of prominent white, black, Hispanic and Asian authors, researchers, and political leaders. Lees multistage approach to ant iracist education is clear and organized and sequentially stepped so as not to seem overly forceful. However, her insistent on the use of antiracist is a bit harsh in that it assumes that anything not adopted or previous to this new ideology is racist. That is a huge overgeneralization.It also separates people into groups the antiracists and everyone else, who, by association, must be racist. I do not think that many public school systems, and certainly no private systems, will purchase curricular materials and send teachers and administrators to antiracist workshops because it implies the worst of these people and materials. Lee can simply not make that kind of generalization. She urges the convinces to extend beyond the school. Racism is alive and well in the community, but her approach sends the wrong message We have an antiracist plan to change this racist community. That is the message that people will hear.A less forceful message is much preferable to Lees approach. Lee is c onvincing in her devotion to creating antiracist schools. She urges to push for administrative changes and curricular changes, which she admits are financially blockaded by under-funded school districts. She gives an unsubstantiated claim that multicultural, antiracist programs are the most under-funded, when the removal of arts programs in elementary schools has made the national media several times in the last few years.Finally, after admitting the sad lack of money for programs, she launches on her website, a national push for her own concourse called Putting Equity on the Table that costs $1450 for two school officials to attend. This is a three day conference and the rate (which is the early bird rate) does not include the hotel fee at the Hampton Inn in downtown Boston. In addition, the recommended reading resource is entitled Education Children of African Ancestry in the United States of America, Canada, and the United Kingdom.If we are truly talking about an antiracist edu cation, why does our primary conference resource only focus on one race? Nobody will fault Enid Lee and others like her for taking on the cause of equity in education. Clearly the quondam(prenominal) has shown that steps are necessary. However, Lees focus on only African-descended children, on an inflammatory name for her type of education (which, oddly, does not appear on her conference registration information), and on her need to charge exorbitant fees for her conference detract from her credibility and are likely to be off-putting for widespread educators.

Surrogacy Legalisation in Australia Essay Example for Free

Surrogacy Legalisation in Australia EssayWomen usually become a alternate mother because they bugger off compensation in virtuoso form or a nonher from doing it others do it because a family member cannot produce a thwart of their bear. Homo sexualityual suspenders tend to use surrogacy as an pick to incur a child of their own, as comp bed to adopting a child. Due to commercial surrogacy being illegal in Australia, it has driven homosexual couples to other countries such as India where the adoptive mothers are not as healthy as the ones in Australia. Commercial surrogacy should be legalised in Australia so mickle of all sexualities do not check to other countries where poor women are exploited and help protect the legal status of children there. (Esther Han, December 9, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald) Through surrogacy, couples of either heterosexuals or homosexuals are open to have a family of their own if they cannot produce one for themselves. There are two types of su rrogacy traditionalistic and gestational. A traditional surrogate is a woman who donates her own egg and then carries out the pregnancy.Their egg is donated from their own body with the spermatozoon of the father or the sperm from a donor. A gestational surrogacy is when the surrogate isnt biologically or genetically related to the child that she is carrying. Through the process of in vitro fertilization, the carrier becomes pregnant. This fertilization is where an embryo or several embryos are created from the eggs and sperm of the intended parents are implanted in the uterus for the gestational period of 40 weeks.As in the grounds of nature it takes a mans sperm and a womans egg to create a baby, it makes it impossible for homosexual people or couples to conceive a baby of their own and therefore surrogacy is an option for them. In gestational surrogacy, there is no direct genetic impact on the baby from the surrogate mother and there is no deoxyribonucleic acid from the surrog ate mother to the baby. This is because the embryotic sack that the baby is in has already got the DNA from its mother and father through the in vitro fertilization procedure.However, if the surrogate mother is not getting enough nutrients in her diet or if she were to drink or take drugs, this would affect the health and ripening of the baby as if it would a traditional surrogacy. Homosexual couples tend to go for surrogacy as opposed to adoption due to the fact that mevery homosexual couples want a baby that is created from their own DNA (because they cannot create their own with a woman) and not bring up someone elses child through adoption.Not only because of these reasons do they tend to go for surrogacy, save also because adoption for homosexuals either in a relationship or not and single people has now become prohibited in almost every country in the world. There are a few concerns that do influence the decision on whether a homosexual couple adopt (if they were able to in that particular country) or apply for a gestational surrogate. Some of the concerns that they have with adoption is that some mothers decide to change their minds at the last minute and keep their baby instead of giving it to the adoptive parents.The costs that are involved with adoption and surrogacy are around the same mensuration of money to pursue so many homosexual and heterosexual couples tend to go for surrogacy because eventide with the slight price increase of surrogacy, the couple would have a baby that is created from their own DNA. For the homosexual couple however, the DNA would come from one of the parents (Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013). In Australia, the current integritys have stated that commercial surrogacy is illegal.However, there is no current law that states in Australia that non-commercial surrogacy also known as altruistic surrogacy is illegal. According to the Surrogacy Act of 2010, any parties can enter into a non-commercial/altruistic surrogacy appreh ension regardless of their sex and relationship status. The surrogate mother of the intending parents is not allowed to receive money or any compensation from the intending parents, but are allowed to have any medical expenses that are related to the baby be compensated for by the intending parents.For a homosexual couple, finding a willing surrogate mother in Australia who doesnt want to be compensated more than what the law states is almost impossible to find, and this therefore leads homosexual couples to apply for surrogacy in other countries such as India. Each year, India produces hundreds of babies through commercial gestational surrogacy to intending parents all around the world. A vast amount of these babies from India go to intending homosexual couples of Australia.Just before Christmas last year, India changed their law for surrogacy to now exclude homosexuals, singles and people of all genders that are in a de facto relationship. This new law has been put into place beca use there are people who access surrogacy, rather than assisting the surrogates and the way in which surrogacy is done (Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013). This new law in India has affected homosexual couples especially because they can no all-night apply for commercial surrogacy because they no longer fit in with the new criteria.These laws have been passed because of the moot issues that may evanesce and the psychological issues that child may receive from having two parents of the same sex raise them. There are many controversial issues with being in a same sex relationship, including that of same sex rights and children. Children are an important aspect of many peoples lives. One of the issues that have arisen is whether a child who is raised(a) from same sex parents will forgather from psychological abnormalities or development issues.Studies have shown from The American Psychiatric Association that there are no development issues or differences between children who have been raised by either homosexual or heterosexual parents. The childs intelligence, psychological adjustment, popularity with friends, development of social sex role identity or development of sexual orientation has not been negatively affected or influenced due to their parents sexual origin as many stereotypes may point out.Another controversial issue that same sex couples face is the nature vs. nurture theory. Some people believe that if a man and a woman cannot produce a baby of their own, then they should therefore not be having children. This same theory applies to homosexual couples. In the eyes of society, if a homosexual couples cannot produce a baby naturally, than they should not be allowed to participate in the surrogacy scheme. This shouldnt be the case for anyone, homosexual or not (Surrogacy Controversy, 2009)Controversial issues aside, should the legalisation of commercial surrogacy for heterosexuals and homosexuals in Australia occur? The answer is yes. Homosexuals shoul d be allowed to access commercial surrogacy in Australia because we know the environment the women are living in is much more sanitised and cleaner as opposed to the third world countries such as India where intending same sex parents have had to resort to in order to have a baby.The surrogate mothers of Australia should be allowed to be compensated for the physical hardships and mental discomforts that she may endure. Studies have shown that no mental development issues have occurred from children who have same sex parents and there are no negative effects on the children. Everyone has the right to have a child and by legalising commercial surrogacy in Australia, more people will be able to have the families theyve always wanted instead of having to meet the new criteria of the Indian laws.And sure, two daddies cannot give a child a mothers love but they can definitely give them double daddy love and in the end all that matters to a child is that they are loved by their parents eve n if that happens to be two mums or two dads (Rosemary Odgers and Margaret Wenham, Courier Mail, February 10,2010). Reference List Esther Han, December 9, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald, accessed Thursday 22nd May, 2013) lt http//www. smh. com. au/national/call-to-reform-surrogacy-laws-20121208-2b264. htmlgt Farlex Inc. 013, The Free Dictionary, accessed Friday tenth May, 2013 Kerry Brewster, 2013, ABC News, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 Professor Jenni Millbank, 2013, ABC News, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013, accessed Friday 17th May, 2013 Surrogacy Act of Australia, 2010, accessed on Friday 24th May, 2013 Surrogacy Controversy, April 2009, accessed sunlight 26th May, 2013 Rosemary Odgers and Margaret Wenham, Courier Mail, February 10, 2010, accessed Sunday 26th May, 2013

A Review of Hunter x Hunter

A Review of hunter x huntsmanHunter x Hunter ReviewNameHunter x Hunter (2011) AuthorTogashi Yoshihiro Episodes1-Ongoing Runtime2011-present GenreAction Adventure, FantasyCritics Description Togashi Yoshihiro is a well kn induce mangaka responsible for Yu Yu Hakusho, cardinal of the best anime of the mid 90-s often compared to Dragon Ball Z. While I was young I practically loved that series. Around 2013 I comprehend of a series named Hunter x Hunter which I had been intentionally avoiding until I discovered that it was written by Togashi Toshihiro. So I paused every anime I kept on my to-watch-list to see through this series hoping for the best. And in around a week I completed watching every chronological sequence professionalceeded to read the manga right away. Cant say I was disap assigned. It was amazing. In my opinion Togashi Yoshihiro certainly exceeded my expectations with this. Something about it gave me a nostalgic feeling. So I ended up deciding to write a review on it to share the experience a bit and recommend it to a few extra people. Cause this anime is certainly worth a try StoryFearsome monstersexotic creatures Vast richesHidden Treasures Evil enclavesunexplored lands The world un managen holds magic And some incredible people ar drawn to that magic They are known as.. Hunters-Intro of Hunter x Hunter12 years prior to the story, one of the greatest Hunters in the world, Ging Freecss, left his child child, Gon Freecss, to the care of his little sister, Mito. Mito, raised Gon as her own just her hatred for her brother caused her to tell Gon that his parents died. Gon lived in Whale Island an island filled with forests and mountains so he grew up around nature and often explored into the forest. One Day, Gon learned that his father was alive. So he decided to become a hunter and find his father. But beingness a Hunter wouldnt be easy. To be a Hunter one must participate in the Hunter mental test, a very difficult exam that grass only be p assed by the elites of humanity. Through the exam Gon makes new friends and foes as he continues his journey to find his father and become the Best Hunter in the world My take on the story The main plot, which focuses on Gons search for his father, isnt very original. Along with that the first few episodes werent all that interesting as well. It has a slow build up. But thats all the flaws I can point out. Nothing more. The story of every arc up to date defend been absolutely amazing. Some better than others. The latest arc of the Anime easily dropped into one of my favorite arcs in all of anime and believe me I wear watched plenty. So its safe to say that the story is very good.8.4/10Animation The animation is very bright and colorful which makes it seam cheery at generation but it does not fail to get dark when the time calls for it. The characters were done well and the special effects were done. But it doesnt really stand out of the stock animation design so there isnt much that can be verbalize about it. But I can safely say that its not very bad rather its pretty good. Well I for one liked it. Thats for sure. It isnt the type of animation that can turn people down so the animation isnt worth much to worry about. Its on the better side of average thats for sure.8/10Soundtrack I really like orchestral rifle tracks and of course HxH delivers. The adventure-ish sound track fits perfectly into the series. Each character has different ascendents to go with their character, and the music doesnt do any less then fit the emplacement perfectly. The intro Departure can leave a very nostalgic feel to anybody who watched old animes like Dragon Ball. Another thing it does is get you pumped, The OST, boys, be courageous is a perfect example. Also there is Legend of The Martial Artist that emits the feel of an awesome event coming up. And my personal favorite is Riot. The measure of this song on the Phantom troupe arc was beyond brilliant. The hopeless, fearsom e and yet the reason behind the song was kind of sad and the quotation said along it made it a truly memorable scene. Reason is a stand alone piece based on the friendship of Gon and Killua which was absolutely wonderful. These servicing this anime truly become an amazing experience.9.3/10Characters Hunter x Hunter mainly focuses on four main characters. Gon, Killua, Kurapika and Leorio. Each character has their own purpose and goal. A bond between you and the characters can grow rather quickly and you can feel their sorrow. So here is a listing of the four main characters and there respective bailiwick songs and backgrounds. Gon Freecss Gon Freecss is a 12-13 year old boy determined to find his father. His father was one of the best Hunters in existence. Gon wants to know why his father chose his profession as a Hunter rather then raising him. So he departs his peaceful island to become a pro hunter and find his father. Gon is simple-minded, tenacious, innocent and kind. He isnt very good with math though and isnt very bright. His theme is The world of Adventurers. It keeps his character down as a determined yet childish. He might be the typical Shonen main character but something about this guy really draws me out. His happy go halcyon character, his innocent point of view and even his sort of childish manner. A lot of things about this guy that can attach you with this guy even to the point on sharing his hopes and dreams. Leorio Paladiknight Leorio comes of as a selfish guy who believes anything can be done through money. And so to earn vast riches he decided to become a hunter. Though Leorio aims to use the advantages of becoming a Hunter to follow his true dream beyond earning simply money. He is a hardy character who does not like to be disrespected and doesnt like it when people dont take him seriously. His theme is cheeky and stylish and jazzy which suits his character. Leorio is a good guy, although hes my least(prenominal) favorite of the four He is quite knowledgeable in his field but lacks an overall appearance compared to the other characters in my opinion. Though this guys jazzy theme does have a nice ring to it thats for sure. Kurapika Kurata Kurapika is the last decedent of the Kurata clan. He was the sole survivor when his clan was killed by the Phantom Troupe, a powerful multitude of bandits. He seeks to crumble the Troupe and retrieve the scarlet eyes of the Kurata clan and restore their honor. Kurapikka is calm and diligent. He dislikes to put others in danger and always thinks things through. His theme matches his will to redeem his clan and also his strategic thinking. I really like this character. His goal to seek vengeance might be cliche, but distant many characters he goes out and does wha ever he can as early as he can to do whatever he can to seek vengeance. Might be cliched yes but I like him. Killua Zoldyk Killua is an assassin from the Zoldyk family. Tired of killing he decided to run away from she ll (stabbing his mother in progress) and become a hunter. He is skilled and powerful as everyone in the family are born to be the perfect assassins. cool, calm and stash away Killua was born to kill as his name suggests. He often puts survival above anything else and knows when to run away. His theme music bring out his sadistic and scary side. This kid is not to be messed with Killua is my favorite character of this series for his friendship with Gon and how their relationship and trust grows together. He wants to protect his friends to the point of forgetting what he trained from his birth Aside from that I like his character design too. He really is a cool character. Overall Overall I love this anime. Being a remake of a 90-s anime it still feels like an old anime with one solid opening and multiple changing endings. The series is wonderful but its not really meant for action oriented anime viewers as it puts stratagy before anything else. Since Im not that type I fairly enjoyed this series. Overall this anime had a Brobdingnagian impact on me, and also gave of a lot of nostalgia. My overall rating might be biased cause I was a huge fan of animes which shares similar elements. But thats just simply my opinion. But I hope that by reading this review you have decided to at least check it out yourself. Thanks for reading.I gave this 9.1/10

The poverty trap

The meagerness messSHORT ESSAYTopic Getting households out of the distress trap requires a greater center on on the crave stead rather than the contribute stead.IntroductionDespite the substantial amount of research undertaken to study the economical growth and growth and analyse how it facilitates the poverty reduction, there has not been still one remedy discovered to make misfortunate countries rich. Poverty continues to be the gravel of suffering of millions of people around the globe, who are caught in a poverty trap. Azariadis and John Stachurski (2005) define the poverty trap as any self-reinforcing mechanism which causespoverty to move. Those mechanisms causing poverty to persist stern include, for instance, limited memory access to education, inadequate nutrition, lack of public wellness tutelage, limited access to credit and capital markets, uneffective governance, friendly instability and poor infrastructure. We can use one of the listed mechanisms to ill ustrate the emergence of the poverty trap. Limited access to education leads to an increased level of analphabetism among the poor, which further determines the niche the poor can take in the labour market. Being uneducated, the poor is restricted to perform unskilled labour, which does not pay superior wages and brings the poors income level down. Income deprivation subsequently leads to inadequate nutrition, limited access to education, etc. That is the trajectory poor households follow towards falling into the poverty trap.What are the ways to get households out of the poverty trap? There are two types of policies, deliver and demand side insurance policy interventions, which are employ to break the poverty trap. Supply side policies subscribe to to directly provide function to the poor that may focus among other spheres of concern on education, health, or infrastructure, whereas the demand side policy proponents argue that first poor should demand these advantages, otherw ise they are going to be ineffective. The author of this essay shares the latter academic degree of view as well.Evidence suggests that enabling poor people to participate in determining service of processs they need, their fibre and quantity is critical in ensuring policy interventions success. To guarantee sustainability of the results there should be accessible accountability in place, which allows poor people to hold the government accountable for the decisions and prime(prenominal)s it makes for the poor. We also class our argument based on a country exercise from Bangladesh, where a demand side pay intervention has outperformed a supply side support intervention in the health care sector. Hence, this essay aims to argue that getting households out of the poverty trap requires a greater focus on the demand side rather than the supply side.Voices of the PoorMani et al (2013) argue that being preoccupied with pressing financial concerns the poor have fewer cognitive reso urces to guide their choice and action therefore, they are unable to take informed decisions due to their poor mental capabilities. Thus, taking this fact into consideration supply side policies are intentional to help the poor to get out of poverty without hearing their voices. It is believed that the government can decide better what is needed to get the poor out of the poverty trap on poor peoples behalf. However, according to the World growth Report (2004), public services much fail people in access, quantity, and quality. The report emphasizes that the main reason of the failed efforts of the growth countries to make services work for the poor is the extent to which poor people themselves are engaged in determining the quality and the quantity of the services which they are entitled to. Services can work better if poor people are put at the centre of service provision by enabling them to monitor and discipline services providers by strengthening their voice in policymaking and by reinforcing the incentives for providers to serve the poor (World Development Report, 2004).However, the supply side proponents will argue that a well-targeted strategy of the supply side performance incentives could on its own be decorous to contact the desired outcomes, for instance, drawing upon an example from Nicaragua where a conditional cash transfer weapons platform studyed significant improvements in immunizations, growth monitoring, and reductions in stunting (Regala, F. and Castro, L., 2009). Upon completion of the program an evaluation was conducted to identify the impact the combined supply and demand side intervention had. The evaluation showed that combining supply and demand side policies can importantly increase the use of health services among poor households and improve health outcomes. Furthermore, the evaluation aimed to assess the impact demand side incentives alone dictationed in this intervention. For this purpose, an evaluation about ten months after demand side incentives had been stopped in certain areas was conducted, and it revealed that take-up rates for preventive health care services still remained high. The evaluation explained this result by the possibility that the program strategy dramatically improved provider outreach activities during the initial stage of implementation and thus the access of poor households to health services, reducing the costs of time and travel to reach healthcare service delivery points was also improved. It is possible, therefore, that a well-targeted strategy of supply side performance incentives could, on its own, be enough to achieve and maintain high levels of health care service use among poor rural populations in Nicaragua (Regala, F. and Castro, L., 2009).Although this example shows that supply side policies on their own can be efficient in helping the poor to get better access to health care services, we need to bear in mind that this is but one example and, therefore, it canno t be representative of all supply side policy interventions. It is also express by the evaluation that the success of the program might be because provider outreach activities were improved thus, we question here that should demand side incentives, such as incentives for health providers to develop efficient plans to expand coverage rapidly in underserved areas, were not there from the beginning of the program the outcome of the program could have been slight successful.Sustainability and brotherly AccountabilityDesigning policy interventions based solely on the supply side approach ensures less sustainability. When the poor are not knowledgeable enough about the policy intervention and, therefore, less concerned about maintaining the results of the policy once it is completed, the intervention will have a short-term impact. This is one of the concerns often raised by aid agencies (International dig up Organization, 2001). A policy intervention is regarded as sustainable in case it carries on indeterminately with no further giver involvement or support, whether it be financial or otherwise. With a greater focus on the demand side, this concern is more likely to be addressed. In particularly, focusing policies on strength building of the poor in terms of educating them about their rights, public services they are entitled to receive, the role they can play in up(a) their livelihood, providing more information about the stakeholders involved in policy design and implementation, etc., can be conducive to poverty reduction and, hence, to sustainable development. For instance, Economic Development Institute (1996) suggests that non-governmental organizations can assist the poor to identify their needs and identify their priorities. These measures will build poor peoples capacity to demand services they need and hold policymakers accountable for their actions and policy choices. In other words, this will strengthen social accountability that relies on civil e ngagement, i.e. in which the poor can participate directly or indirectly in exacting accountability (World Bank, 2004). This mechanism can function only through the demand side approach as it operates from the bottom-up (World Bank, 2004).It can be though argued that poor people caught in the poverty trap will be less concerned about social accountability when, for instance, they lack basic access to nutrition and clean water in the first place. Therefore, it is inefficient to consider developing soft skills of the poor until they have basic infrastructure, which would allow them to sustain their living and only then they can take a next step to astir(p) their capacity and benefiting from social accountability. Poor people need immediate help today. Building capacity of the poor will take longer time to show its results. Additionally, the supply side of governance already uses certain measures such as checks and balances, administrative rules and procedures, auditing requirements, and formal law enforcement mechanisms to tackle the challenge of accountability.Indeed, supply side policies aim to address immediate needs of the poor. However, the intervention can be considered successful if it is sustainable. Relying on the present-bias, i.e. immediate provision of services today rather than investment in developing capacity of the poor for greater results in the longer term, does not guarantee sustainability in the long run. As a result, the poor can only temporary get out of the poverty trap and then again be trapped into poverty once the intervention is completed. Empowering the poor through social accountability enables sustainable development. While the supply based approach is an intervention that is limited to provision of services only and does not spread much beyond to improvement in governance, social accountability serves a multiple purpose and, therefore, has a long-lasting effect. As such, social accountability facilitates improvement in governance, ensures development effectiveness through a more-pro-poor policy design and, lastly, empowers poor people to demand goods and services they need most. As to the accountability measures used by the supply side of governance, evidences suggests that these top-down accountability promoting mechanisms have met with only limited success in many countries, both developed and developing (World Bank, 2004). As a result, social accountability measures described above are preferred.Demand Side FinancingFurthermore, having analyzed a number of supply side interventions and behaviors of the poor we can repeat that its crucial to focus more on the demand side interventions. One of the main sectors covered by the supply side polices is a healthcare sector. Studies show that despite significant subsidies allocated towards the supply side the access to the health care systems among the poor remains low. To address this drawback new demand side financial support mechanisms are introduced (Schmidt , J., Ensor, T., Hossain, A. and Khan, S., 2010). These mechanisms transfer purchasing power to the targeted groups for defined healthcare goods and services. This measure is aimed to increase poor households access to specified goods and services. In particularly, such mechanism was utilize in Bangladesh, where a maternal voucher scheme was implemented. The scheme provided vouchers to poor women that entitled them to receive skilled care at home or a facility and also provided payments for transport and food (Schmidt, J., Ensor, T., Hossain, A. and Khan, S., 2010). The evaluation of the program suggests that the take-up of vouchers was more rapid when the scheme was implemented through the demand side financing than previously through the supply based financing. Authors of the report describe the earlier implemented scheme through the supply side financing as an plain failure, when all resources were allocated to the supply side and it was assumed that those with need will be abl e to access services.While supply side financing schemes can improve their outreach to the poor by constructing hospitals in the remote rural areas or providing funds for transport or transport itself to reach hospitals in cities, and improving service quality, so that people can have easier access to public healthcare services. However, as practice shows that is rather challenging. Gupta, I., Joe, W. and Rudra, S. (2010)state that policymakers in developing countries have come to put one over that public health services have not been achieving desired outcomes due to a significant lack of efficiency, fairness in service provision and its quality.Although, the demand side financing can be questioned with regards to the quality of healthcare services left to the providers discretion, the demand side interventions are implemented with an assumption that service providers are responsible for the service quality assurance, and if intervention beneficiaries are left to choose from a set of service providers, it is assumed that there is a considerable number of service providers to choose from. However, returning back to the example from Bangladesh we conclude that demand-side financing schemes are more effective based on the available data, which suggests that the come out in the voucher take-up appeared to be more rapid through the demand side financing scheme than through other non-demand side financing (supply side financing) areas.ConclusionIn the course of this essay we aimed to emphasize that getting poor households out of the poverty trap requires a greater focus on the demand side interventions rather than the supply side interventions. In particularly, we highlighted the evidence proving this argument through examples of the assumed cognitive poverty of the poor, where practitioners on the perverted bring evidence that those interventions that involve the poor in determining the quantity and quality of services they need prove to be more efficient. We a lso brought up the idea of social accountability that is critical not only in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency of the poverty alleviation programs, but also in improving governance and maintaining sustainability of the policy outcomes. Finally, we dwelled into a particular example of a policy intervention from Bangladesh, which aimed to provide vouchers to poor women that entitled them to receive skilled care at home or a facility and also provided payments for transport and food. The evaluation of this intervention helped us to analyze the results of both demand side financing and supply side financing. We reconfirmed that evidence from Bangladesh also proves that demand side policies are more effective in reaching the poor and addressing their needs.BibliographyAzariadis, C. and Stachurski, J. (2005). Poverty Traps,Handbook of Economic Growth.World Bank, (2004).World Development Report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People. Washington D.C. World Bank.Regala, F. and Castro , L. (2009).Nicaragua Combining Demand- and Supply-Side Incentives. Washington D.C.Economic Development Institute (1996).The Design and management of Poverty Reduction Programs and Projects in Anglophone Africa Proceedings of a Seminar Sponsored Jointly by the Economic Management Institute. Washington D.C.Mani, A. et al (2013). Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function. Science, 341(6149), p. 976-980.International Labour Organization, (2001).Mainstreaming Poverty Alleviation Strategies through Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Development. p.14.World Bank, (2004).Social Accountability An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice. Social Development Papers. Participation and polite Engagement. Paper No. 76. Washington D.C. World Bank.Gupta, I., Joe, W. and Rudra, S. (2010).Demand Side Financing in Health How far can it address the issue of low utilization in developing countries?. World Health Report. Background Paper, 27. Schmidt, J., Ensor, T., Hossain, A. and Khan, S. (2010). Vo uchers as demand side financing instruments for health care A review of the Bangladesh maternal voucher scheme.Health Policy, online 96(2), pp.98-107. useable at http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.01.008 Accessed 1 Nov. 2014.

Primary school sex education in Malaysia

Primary inculcate wake commandment in Malaysia1.1 IntroductionPedophiles hale victims into end up activity acts, Lustful minors, these are the recent news titles published in newspapers in 2013 from New Straits Times. Sex fosterage has always been a sensitive issue, in a particular in a country like Malaysia and the issue has been brought into discussion since January 1991 until the latest on November 2008 (Sunday Times, 2010). There are emergent of cases of unwanted pregnancies, baby dumping and minors raping minors where in most of situations involved consensual switch onual practice. In worst situation, some of the minors do not understand what they are doing. This proved the occupy of provoke education in domesticates. Nevertheless, Malaysia still refused to implement a eff sex education in schools. piece of music recent reported cases revealed that sexual misconduct among children not however occurred among teenagers or secondary school, but also at young age invo lving indigenous school children thus painted a serious outlook for Malaysia. According to the Principal Assistant Director of the Sexual Crimes, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Investigations office of Royal Malaysian Police, a number of 22 cases of sexual misconduct involving children were reported from 2011 until September 2013this number involved children aged below 13 age old (source Royal Malaysian Police 2013). Interestingly, there were no cases on sexual misconduct of minors against minors reported before 2011 this may not mean that there was no cases of sexual misconduct among children in the country, perhaps, it exist, but not reported to the authority or the childrens parents or guardian pillow silent slightly the situation.Most of the serious reported cases were publicized in the local newspapers however, there still a number of unreported cases remain unknown. The human race race rights commissioner, James Nayagam believes that the schools have failed teaching the students to respect the human right of girls. He also claims that schools need to start implementing two important topics, which are on human rights and preventive sex education (The Star, 2010).Curiosity among children regarding sex is rising this is influenced by what they observed in the profits. In some situation, children are more expert than the grown in term of using advanced gadget to browse through the internet. These children are not always monitored by their parents or guardian. This is one of the negative consequences of internet to our young generation. Further, when the children dont have their own gadget to browse the internet, they also can go to cyber cafe nearest their house. They are not only playing computer games, but they are also browsing the internet, especially the popular YouTube websites. Computers in the cyber caf are usually not safe for the children, because sometimes the computers at the cafe are not restricted from certain bad websites, where il licit pictures of half-naked men and women can suddenly pop up from the computer screen.According to an obligate from the Canadian Council on Learning (January, 2008), most young people stumble upon pornography while searching for something else. Recent study conducted among British children ages from 9 to 19 proved that most whom encountered online pornography did not give further attention, some get disgust by it and small number of them expressed an interest in it. However, the small amount of them is the one that need to be controlled as this may trigger the kids to click on the pop ups which, later accepts them to the bad websites.While a few developed countries such as Australia, United Kingdom and others have implemented sex education Malaysia still in the early stage of implementing sex education in secondary school, yet it is still not completely implemented. Young children need to be educated about this matter. Without education, they might not be able to decide and defe nd for themselves especially the girls. Children who are in the process of growing up usually do not receive adequate information, intimacy and preparation for safe sexual life. The community often avoid from having an open conversation about sexual matters. At that particular age, these kids are crucially in need of conversation about sexual matters with the reliable person.Unfortunately, most parents think that it is not necessary to have sex activity education at school. Based on a report written by Lee Choon Fai, Womens Aid Organisation (WAO) executive director, Ivy Josiah, stated that open discussion about sex is often seen as an inappropriate in Malaysia, especially in the fusty communities (Selangor Times, 2012). They tend to think that sexuality education is one of the way or agentive role that could lead to companionable problem. For them, the children wouldnt know and wont involve in sex problem if the syllabus is not being teach at school. A primary teacher from Joho r claimed that parents think that sexuality education teaches students how to have sex and all (The Star Online, 2012). But what they do not know is that sexuality education actually helps provide their children with knowledge and information about the effect of the immoral act such as the diseases, unwanted pregnancies and other social problem. This shows the need to have sex education in Malaysian primary schools however, how ready of Malaysian parents to accept sex education for their children?1.2 Problem StatementThe issue of having/implementing sex education in Malaysian schools is not new. It arises as one of the solutions to deal with the rising number of baby dumping in Malaysia. Baby dumping issue, which powerfull related to other social problems in Malaysia such as illegal sex, teenage pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy, pregnant out of wedlock and others, pressure the government and applicable parties in Malaysia to propose for solutions.While a few solutions have been accept ed, though with some challenges, such as the execution of baby hatches (Gunaratnam and Agustin, 2010), school for pregnant teenagers (School of expect in Malacca) (Ram and Elis, 2010), encourage young couples to get married solution to have sex education among children is still partially implemented. Instead of agreeing to have a complete sex education in schools, Malaysian government argues that information about sex has been covered in several subjects in school such as in Biology and Social and Reproductive Health Studies.The reluctant to implement sex education among school children may come with the idea of not exposing and encourage teenagers to sex on the other hand, this may means that Malaysian society is still in denial in accepting sex is happening among our teenagers. Thus, sex education is important to teach our children about sex and its consequences. However, the issue of sexual misconduct is not only happened among teenagers, but also involving young children.Whil e the implementation of sex education in Malaysian secondary schools are not well accepted by many parties this study attempt to explore Malaysian parents readiness to accept sex education in primary schools due to the rising number of sexual misconduct among young children in the country. The introduction of sex education in primary school is not new. Developed countries such as Australia and United Kingdom have implemented sex education among primary school children and its proved to be effective in dealing with sexual misconduct among children in their countries.1.3 Research QuestionsThe questions that arise while the research is conducted are as followsWhat is the level of readiness and acceptance of having sex education as part of primary school syllabus?What are the relationship between conservative thinking, taboo subject, lack of expertise in schools and parents role, and the implementation of sex education among primary school children?What are the main factor that hinder t he implementation of sex education among primary school children?1.4 Research ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to find out the readiness and acceptance of the parents on the issue of implementing sex education in schools, especially in primary schools. To achieve the objective, the process of planning and implementing the subject should be done thoroughly so that it can be fully accepted by the parents.The specific objectives of the study includeTo study the parents level of readiness and acceptance of having sex education as part of primary school syllabusTo explore the relationship between conservative thinking, taboo subject, lack of expertise in schools and parents role, and the implementation of sex education among primary school children.To turn out the parents perception on main factors that hinders the implementation of sex education among the primary school children in Klang Valley1.5 Scope of StudyLevelThis research give focus on parents readiness and accept ance on sex education among school children. The scope of this study is narrowed to parents because they play important role in their childrens life. Furthermore, in school, there is also an association that require parents involvement. For example, there is Parents and Teacher Association (PTA) where both parents and teachers leave behind sit together discussing about the victimization of children and all problems associated with the students. Thus, parents voice will be taken into account if they agree to have and feel the need of sex education to be taught in schools.1.6 importee of the StudyThe study is necessary to bring the awareness of the community towards the importance of having sex education as part of school syllabus and the benefits that it will bring to the country. The findings of this study are important to help the affected parties to realize what sex education is all about and related knowledge that comes with the implementation of the subject. The subject will mostly affect the teenagers which are the students of the secondary school and other involved parties include the parents, school counsellor, teachers, the community and the government.Sex education may help to scale social problems among teenagers such as teenage pregnancy, pre-marital sex and under age sex. With the right module, sex education also provide the students the right information about sex and its related issues and at the same time, correct any inaccurate and insufficient information about sex that they learnt from the Internet or mass media. apart from that, the introduction of the subject will help to educate teenagers about health issues related to sex namely ways to prevent pregnancies, unsafe abortions, abandoned babies, and sexually-transmitted diseases.1.7 exposition of Terms, Terminology and ConceptsSex EducationScience Daily described sex education as a broad term used to describe education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse and other aspects of human sexual behaviour.ChildrenWith reference to Child Act 2001, child is define as a person under the age of eighteen years.Primary SchoolMacmillan Dictionary defines primary school as a school for children between the ages of quaternion or five and eleven. In UK primary schools are sometimes divided into an infant school for the youngest children and a junior school. Same it goes to Malaysia, we have kindergarten for children age 5 and 6 and primary school with student age from 7 to 12.Social ProblemWe take definition on social problem from Maxwell School. It describes social problem as a condition that at least some people in a community view as being undesirable. young PregnancyAccording to UNICEF, teenage pregnancy is defined as teenage girl, usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming pregnant. The term that is being used in the workaday speech frequently refers to girls who have not yet reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, become preg nant.

The Overwhelming Atmosphere in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Overwhelming Atmosphere in Macbeth The atmosphere looms heavy in William Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth. However, there are some brief, contrasting moments. In this paper we shall dwell on this dimension of the playwrights work. A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy comments on the contribution of the imagery to the atmosphere of the play The vividness, magnitude, and violence of the imagery in some of these passages are characteristic of Macbeth almost throughout and their influence contributes to form its atmosphere. Images the likes of those of the babe torn smiling from the breast and dashed to death of pouring the sweet milk of concord into hell of the earth shaking with fever of the condition of things disjointed of sorrows striking heaven on the face, so that it resounds and yells out like syllables of dolour of the mind lying in restless ecstasy on a rack of the mind full of scorpions of the tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury -- all keep the imagination moving on a wild and knockdown-dragout sea, while it is scarcely for a moment permitted to dwell on thoughts of peace and beauty. (309) Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare comments on the atmosphere surrounding the play The articulate of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall take over which is to call him to murder Duncan, - when we no longer read it in a book, when we have given up that vantage-ground of abstraction which reading possesses over seing, and come to let on a man in his bodily shape before our eyes actually preparing to commit a muder, if the acting be true and impressive as I have witnessed it in Mr. Ks performance of that part, the painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated, the too close touch semblance of reality,give a pain and an uneasiness . . . . (134) In Fools of Time Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows how the atmosphere is altered for the better at the end of the play This typography is at its clearest where we are most in sympathy with the nemesis. Thus at the

Prayer in William Faulkners Light in August Essay example -- Light in

I decline to accept the end of existence...I believe that man leave alone not merely endure he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. -William Faulkner, Nobel Prize acceptance Speech, 1949 William Faulkner illustrates many dimensions of appeal in lilting in August his characters avoid it, abuse it, incubate it, and blame it. In every case, Faulkner portrays prayers power on the psyche. His fictitious world seems Godless, yet his characters struggle to prevail through prayer. Joanna Burden, Gail Hightower, and Joe Christmas exemplify three different approaches to prayer. Joanna turns toward prayer shortly out front she is murdered Hightower turns from it and finally feels liberated before his symbolic death and Christmas, who is murdered in the end, prays throughout the novel. In comparing these three, Faulkner rejects p ompous prayers and advocates for authenticity. Faulkner suggests that it is let out to avoid prayer altogether, like Lena Grove, the happy pagan, than to be hinder by false prayer, like Hightower. To highlight these extremes, Faulkner fuses his novel with tensions between Judeo-Christianity and paganism, filling his characters with an urge to in some way find something permanent. First, Joanna wrestles with her faith, but her shift toward prayer brings pride and prejudice. Faulkners first mention of prayer in reference to Joanna actually comes through Joe he observes her longing to sustain God on her own terms and her struggle to do so She wants to prays, but she dont know how to do that either (Faulkner 261). Faulkner inten... ...Black and White. New York Twayne, 1992.Brooks, Cleanth. Faulkners Vision of well(p) and Evil. Religious Perspectives in Faulkners Fiction. Ed. J. Robert Barth. Notre Dame Notre Dame P, 1972. 57-87. Faulkner, William. descend in August. New York Book of the Month Club, 1997. FowlerDoreen,AbadieAnn Faulkner and Popular Culture.JacksonUP of Mississippi,1990. Kazin, Alfred. The Stillness of Light in August.William Faulkner Three Decades of Criticism.Eds. Frederick J. Hoffman and Olga W. Vickery.New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1960. Porter, Carolyn.William Faulkner Lives and Legacies. Oxford University Press. 2007. Print. Tuck, Dorothy. Crowells Handbook of Faulkner. New York Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1964 Waggoner, Hyatt H.William Faulkner From Jefferson to the World. Lexington University of Kentucky Press, 1966. Prayer in William Faulkners Light in August hear example -- Light in I decline to accept the end of man...I believe that man will not merely endure he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. -William Faulkner, Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, 1949 William Faulkner illustrates many dimensions of prayer in Light in August his characters avoid it, abuse it, embrace it, and blame it. In every case, Faulkner portrays prayers power on the psyche. His fictional world seems Godless, yet his characters struggle to prevail through prayer. Joanna Burden, Gail Hightower, and Joe Christmas exemplify three different approaches to prayer. Joanna turns toward prayer shortly before she is murdered Hightower turns from it and finally feels liberated before his symbolic death and Christmas, who is murdered in the end, prays throughout the novel. In comparing these three, Faulkner rejects pompous prayers and advocates for authenticity. Faulkner suggests that it is better to avoid prayer altogether, like Lena Grove, the happy pagan, than to be stunted by false prayer, like Hightower. To highlight these extremes, Faulkner fuses his novel with tensions between Judeo-Christianity and paganism, filling his characters with an urg e to somehow find something permanent. First, Joanna wrestles with her faith, but her shift toward prayer brings pride and prejudice. Faulkners first mention of prayer in reference to Joanna actually comes through Joe he observes her longing to meet God on her own terms and her struggle to do so She wants to prays, but she dont know how to do that either (Faulkner 261). Faulkner inten... ...Black and White. New York Twayne, 1992.Brooks, Cleanth. Faulkners Vision of Good and Evil. Religious Perspectives in Faulkners Fiction. Ed. J. Robert Barth. Notre Dame Notre Dame P, 1972. 57-87. Faulkner, William. Light in August. New York Book of the Month Club, 1997. FowlerDoreen,AbadieAnn Faulkner and Popular Culture.JacksonUP of Mississippi,1990. Kazin, Alfred. The Stillness of Light in August.William Faulkner Three Decades of Criticism.Eds. Frederick J. Hoffman and Olga W. Vickery.New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1960. Porter, Carolyn.William Faulkner Lives and Legacies. Oxford University Press. 2007. Print. Tuck, Dorothy. Crowells Handbook of Faulkner. New York Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1964 Waggoner, Hyatt H.William Faulkner From Jefferson to the World. Lexington University of Kentucky Press, 1966.