Saturday, August 31, 2019

Case Study Medici Restaurant Essay

In the first question of the Medici Mediterranean Restaurant case study, it asks if there are any other options that Alissa might consider solving this problem. There are many other options that are not listed in the study that Alissa could exercise in this scenario to make Guido focus more on his job. In this particular case, the head chef Guido has not been through business school like the owner Alissa has. Guido lacks the business skills that are imperative to keep a business well and running, leading to recurring late payments of bills and invoices, deliveries of product that are not on time, and a non qualified wait staff that is hurting the business. Guido’s focus is in the kitchen and it has become a struggle for him to balance being a head chef, cooking food for numerous customers every day, and being a successful manager. In Medici II, there is a lack of wait staff that does no help to Guido, putting extra stress on him to perform to his best abilities as a chef. Guid o’s job is to ensure quality food keeping customers, while managing the entire floor of the restaurant, all while keeping Alissa happy. One option that Alissa may consider would to put her experience of business school to use and to take on the entire business side of both restaurant locations. Meaning to find a distributor that delivers product quick and on time, eliminating the need to change the popular menu items. Alissa would have to take on all invoices and bills in both restaurants, reducing what Guido’s job entails, leading him to focus more on being a chef, rather than a manager. Alissa would also have to decide which of the wait staff at Medici II is worth keeping, and fire the ones that are undisciplined. Hiring a wait staff that has experience in the restaurant business would benefit both Alissa and Guido and increase the profits in both restaurants because of an increase in efficiency. A more experienced wait staff would take stress off of Guido while he was in the kitchen, and would help him focus more on getting meals out to customers. Another option that Alissa may be able to exercise would be hiring an assistant chef for Guido, who has experience aiding to a head chef. This option would leave Guido with more time for taking care of the business side of the restaurant, such as bills and invoices, deliveries, and the wait staff. It will also give Guido more time during work hours to keep up appearances with customers, which come to the restaurant to see Guido, and eat the food that he prepares. With an assistant chef for Guido, revenue will increase again due to a rise in production output. The aid of an assistant chef giving Guido more time in the business, would lead Alissa to be able to stay at the original Medici location, minimizing the trips that she would have to take to the Medici II location. Helping her focus more on the issues that arise in the original location. The second question of the Medici Mediterranean Restaurant is to evaluate each alternative of the case carefully and to choose one that I think would be the best for this case. The first alternative option in the case is to maintain the status quo that Alissa already has in her businesses. This option entails Alissa and Guido sitting down and discussing a more manageable plan for handling office administration details at the Medici II loc ation. In this option Alissa considers the idea of hiring a full time employee to assist Guido with business details, but Alissa is not sure she will be able to afford another full time employee at this time. This option is not the one that I would choose for Alissa to exercise in her business. Sitting down in a non-confrontational manner and discussing the administrative side of the business and future of Medici II with Guido would be a step in the right direction, but would not get anything executed. Alissa has already talked to Guido about his work ethic and Guido has always promised Alissa to do better. The relationship between Guido and Alissa is obviously not working. In this option, it says that she will try to figure out his future plans, meaning she would wait to see if he is going to open a restaurant himself or not. This option is wasting valuable time for Alissa, time that she can be putting toward training a new head chef and manager for her business. The second option would be to discipline or fire Guido. This option entails that Guido has been repeating the same problems that have been addressed on previous occasions. Alissa is worried that firing Guido would put her business in a competition with Guido if he decided to open his own restaurant. With no guarantee that Guido would open a business in the area of Medici, Alissa still thinks that disciplinary steps are futile. This is the option that I would choose. The problems have been adding up for Guido as an employee of Alissa. The business is losing money and it is at the point where something needs to change. Alissa needs to cut ties with Guido, and hire a chef that is responsible in making business decisions and skilled in cooking Mediterranean cuisine. If Alissa does not fire Guido, Medici II will eventually fail as a business, causing a major set back financially for Alissa. Alissa needs to take this risk of firing Guido, and not worry if Guido will open a restaurant, for that will focus her on everything but what actually needs to be done in her business. At this time in her business, there are more important issues that need to be taken care of, and keeping Guido at the current position would take away time that could be used toward finding a new head chef and manager that may very well be a better employee than Guido.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Breeder’s Own Pet Foods, Inc. Essay

Breeder’s Own Pet Foods, Inc. sees a growth opportunity in the retail dog food market for its nutritionally balanced, high quality dog food brand Breeder’s Mix, which has been traditionally sold to the show dog kennel market. The dog food consists of 85% fresh meat and 15% high quality fortified cereal with no additives or preservatives (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). One of the challenges for Breeder’s Own is breaking into an already saturated market. However, based on recent interest from dog food owners in organic, all natural, preservative free dog foods, Breeder’s Own can capitalize on this market share with their product, Breeder’s Mix. Initially, Breeder’s Mix would be marketed in the Boston, Massachusetts’s area since this area is representative of national averages for pet ownership and expenditures for pet products. Breeder Mix would be distributed to supermarkets since 36% of all dog foods sales come from supermarkets (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). Problem IdentificationTraditionally, dog food is produced as dry, canned, or treats. Breeder’s Mix is a nutritionally balanced frozen dog food. Since the food must be located in the frozen section of supermarkets, one marketing strategy will be to educate dog owners to shop for dog food in a non-traditional location. A second challenge will be to convince the target audience that Breeder’s Mix is a better and healthier product for their pet than the traditional dry or canned food. Since Breeder’s Own Pet Foods is a relative unknown name in the retail dog food market, it does not have brand equity, meaning it is not recognizable or well known for having superior quality. Lack of brand equity presents an additional challenge of convincing a target audience to purchase a new product. Currently, the competition consists of five major companies who dominate the market and account for 75% of all dog foods sales. There are over 350 dog food brands in the United States p roduced by about 50 different manufacturers (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). With such a saturated market, Breeder’s Own will need to have an aggressive advertising campaign in order to establish brand recognition. Root Problem ComponentsThe primary root problem component is establishing brand recognition. Breeder’s own will need to accomplish this  through creating an identity the public can identify with, pricing strategies, and making the public aware of Breeder’s Mix high quality ingredients. Once a company had established positive brand equity, it becomes easier to introduce a new product since consumers will associate that product with a successful brand. Breeder’s Own needs to evaluate who their target audience is. The majority of consumers do not associate dog food with frozen food. Furthermore, frozen dog food may not appeal to the average consumer due to the preparation and thawing requirements. Another root problem component would be convincing the supermarkets to give up valuable freezer space to showcase Breeder’s Mix.SWOT MatrixStrengths: †¢ Nutritionally balanced, high quality dog food †¢ Consists of fresh meat 85% and high quality fortified cereal 15% – no additives or preservatives †¢ Breeder’s Mix has been used by show dogs in kennel market and has been recommended by dog show owners for years. †¢ Improvement in dog’s coat †¢ Uncooked to retain nutrition and frozen to maintain freshness. | Opportunities: †¢ Opportunity to be the first to tap into frozen dog food market. Would be the only dog food located in the freezer section, so if you can educate consumers to shop for dog food in the frozen food section, Breeder’s Own would have a competitive advantage. †¢ Opportunity to educate consumers on health benefits for pets by eating nutritionally balanced food. †¢ Opportunity to capitalize on grow ing popularity of premium, higher quality, higher priced dog food. †¢ Opportunity to lay groundwork for national rollout of Breeder’s Mix. |Weaknesses: †¢ Lack of availability in all stores †¢ Lack of appeal to consumers due to thawing time / freezer space (convenience) †¢ Lack of appeal to supermarkets due freezer location †¢ Lack of brand equity in retail market †¢ Premium price | Threats: †¢ Store Location – Consumer must be educated to find product in different area of store †¢ Saturated market – sales top 14 million in 2011. Dog food is also heavily advertised, so the challenge is to entice the consumer to buy Breeder’s Mix. †¢ Competition – 5 major brand name dog food companies dominate market with 75% of US dog food sales †¢ Challenge to get supermarkets to give up valuable freezer space for dog food |Evaluation of AlternativesBreeder’s Own Pet Foods product development strategy should be evaluated. Currently only 1 out of 10 dog owners regularly buy f rozen or refrigerated dog food and  ¾ of those surveyed expressed no interest in  purchasing frozen dog food (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). This indicates that there is a limited market for dog owners who would be interested in a product such as Breeder’s Mix. Research does suggest however that frozen dog food dollar volume is increasing annually indicating there is a strong opportunity for Breeder’s Own to be the first to tap into the frozen dog food market in the Boston area. Breeder’s Own Dog Foods needs a strong marketing campaign to convince consumers their brand is superior to traditional dry or canned dog foods. In order to attract customers, Breeder’s Own should emphasize the hallmark characteristics of its brand such as superior all natural quality ingredients and the ability to produce a luxurious fur coat on the pet. By emphasizing the superior quality, Breeder’s Own will be able to capitalize on the guilt concept of â€Å"shouldn’t your dog eat as well as you do†. Since consumers do not typically associate dog food with frozen food, consumers will need to be ed ucated to shop for dog food in a different location in the store. This will be a key component in the advertising strategy for both print and electronic media. Offering various coupon promotions would be a way to direct consumers to the freezer isle in order to get a discounted product. The lack of competition in the freezer section may also draw attention to the product.RecommendationBreeder’s Own should implement the higher advertising expenditure plan devised by Marketing Momentum Unlimited utilizing both print and television mediums with a few adjustments. Average advertising expenditures in the dog food industry is 2% of sales (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). In order for Breeder’s Own to gain brand equity, it may initially need to spend more in advertising dollars to increase awareness of their unique product. Target Market – The suggested target audience for Breeder’s Mix should be adjusted to affluent families, singles, and married couples between the age of 21-54. Due to the view that pets are members of the family, the target audience should be aimed primarily towards people who treat their dogs as they would one of their children. The target audience would also be those who spend a significant amount of money on their pets annually and believe the health and welfare of their dog is of highest importance and therefore is willing to spend more to get the best for their pet. Price Point – Breeder’s Mix should be priced competitively compared to other premium brands. Therefore, it is recommended that Breeder’s Own  charge a premium price for their product to reflect the high quality of the product that the consumer is purchasing. Typically, more affluent families who view their pets as part of the family will be willing to spend more to ensure their pet receives the best. However, the price point may be too high for the average consumer who buys dog food at the grocery store. Distribution – The one advantage to distributing Breeder’s Mix to grocery stores would be lack of competition for a frozen dog food product. The downside would be the lack of convenience and appeal to the average dog food consumer. The food takes time to prepare due to thawing time and it takes up valuable household freezer space. With the majority of dog owners preferring dry dog food, price and convenience may trump superior quality ingredients. Therefore, instead of distributing Breeder’s Mix to supermarkets, the distribution should be adjust ed to cater to pet specialty stores, pet superstores such as PetSmart and Petco, and veterinarian offices. The distribution could even be expanded to whole food stores who promote healthy lifestyles. The test market should also be expanded beyond Boston to other select cities in order to prepare for a national roll-out of Breeder’s Mix. Advertising – Advertising will be a key component to the successful introduction of Breeder’s Mix. Breeder’s Own should focus on the benefits of the Breeder’s Mix Dog Food in comparison to other brands. It is also critical that the advertisements clearly show that Breeder’s Mix is found in the freezer section. Initial strategies should include focusing on product and brand identification. The media plan should include advertising in local newspapers and magazines such as Dog Fancy along with coupon promotions. The television ads should be adjusted to reach the target audience. Rather than advertising during late night timeslots such as during the Late Show with David Letterman, television advertisements should run during family programming, evening news, and channels such as HGTV and Animal Planet to reach the target audience. Online advertising is also a vital medium for Breeder’s Own to consider. Internet campaigns have the potential to reach a wider market than television since many people change the channel during a commercial. The Internet and social media is a major source for people to get information.Conclusion By marketing to people who consider dogs as part of the family, Breeder’s Own can be successful in the retail dog food market.   More and more consumers are investing extensive time and money into their pets. Breeder’s Mix offers pet owners the healthy benefits they desire for their dogs as well as noticed improvement in the dog’s coat. With the right marketing mix of newspapers, magazines, online advertising, and television, Breeder’s Own should be able to reach their target audience. They have a unique product in Breeder’s Mix to offer to the discerning dog owner who wants the best for their pet. References Kerin, R. A., Peterson, R. A. (2013). Strategic marketing problems cases and comments (13th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Discussion Board - Essay Example Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is determined by output amount a firm decides to supply. For instance, Samsung and Nokia companies are all phone companies and their demand in the market is determined by equilibrium where price is given in the market and not by demand or supply forces. The government intervention has a strong influence on a willing late comer to join the market industry. Government interventions may allow late comers to challenge those who entered first in the market. If they do so, there is a shift of extra returns by government intervention in a particular firm from another state to the national economy. For instance, a real life situation is whereby if China can be allowed to supply phones to America, there will be a reduction in returns received by phone making companies in America as they will not enjoy all the profits as before. Financial ratios are designed with the aim of determining the weaknesses and strengths of a firm. The investors need financial analysis to know the riskiness of cash flows and future cash flows of a firm. An individual is able to know a company’s strength or weakness by analyzing the past performance of the firm and mapping it to the future plans. The analysis is mainly done by analyzing financial statements. For instance, in debt ratio, the greater the ratio, the lower the protection that can be afforded by creditors upon liquidation (Hacker,

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Gambling and its effect on professional and college sports Essay

Gambling and its effect on professional and college sports - Essay Example However, humans are a unique and the only species on earth which is conscious as well as concerned about the future and their superior brain allows them to be predictive and speculative in nature. This extra ability allows humans to indulge in fantasy and speculation which is reflected in the phenomenon of gambling which has developed into an art over the years. In face of the stiff competition everybody tries to stay ahead of the other and subtle methods and means are employed to get an edge in one’ favor. Gambling is also an evil which has developed over the course of time and has assumed such proportions that it is legalized in some parts of the world. Everybody tries to chance their luck in order to get short term immediate monetary gains and thereby obtain temporary succor from the travails of life. Sports are an essential component of education and are incorporated into the course curriculum in order to eliminate the monotony of student life. People even opt for adopting sports as a career as it is a highly paying profession if one is capable of reaching the pinnacle in any of the sports disciplines. Collective efforts at the state and the national level are made to support their representative teams in various tournaments across the nation as well on the international platforms. The general public usually builds up euphoria and attachment with the local or the national team and this sometimes transforms into downright craze. This allows for the elements of wagering and bets in or against a particular team to develop. In fact the phenomenon has assumed the mantle of a business itself in the present era of online connectivity and rapid communication. In the United States sports wagering has assumed serious proportions and it has taken the form of a highly organized industry with statistics showing that almost 85% of the population indulges in

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Safety class Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Safety class - Assignment Example Insufficient training has contributed to accidents. By maintaining the safe and healthy needs of the employees in a workplace, it leads to achievement of both the moral and legal obligation of the organization. Investing in excellent training of the employees is effective as it increases skills, knowledge and productivity as well as morale at the workplace (Clapper and Kong 373). In identifying the health and training needs, first is to identify the skills and knowledge needed for people to do their job in safe and healthy way then compared to current skills and knowledge hence helping in identifying the gaps. Risk assessment help in identify factors controlling the risks and previous experiences. Consider awareness-training needs for everyone in the organization on how to manage health and safety; who is responsible for what; how to identify hazards and "evaluate risks and the hazards encountered and measures for controlling them" (Brown 578). Formulation of occupational safety and health policies is a priority of every organization during operational activities. These policies form the backbone of effective organization management for better performance (Aguinis and Kraiger 474). The organization then formulates a plan to fulfill its safety, an effective management structure and arrangements should be in place for delivering the policy. Targets in meeting the safety and health objectives for all managers and employees should be set (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work,

Monday, August 26, 2019

Motivation and Demotivation in the Workplace Essay

Motivation and Demotivation in the Workplace - Essay Example Furthermore, all people do not give equal weight to each category needs. Each person is different and has a distinctive personality. Herzberg's motivation theory is the most accepted theory. The theory is based on the outcome of a research according to which there are two major categories, the ones that please us and the ones that dissatisfy us: Hygiene factors: company policy, interpersonal relations, working conditions, social security, wage. Motivation factors: recognition, responsibility, promotion, development, the subject of work. If motivation factors such as encouragingemployees, rewarding them, or increasing their responsibilities do not exist then employees will shift to non-job related 'hygiene' factors. In general, employees can be motivated when: 1. They can manage and plan their work 2. They have a variety of tasks 3. They are not micro-managed 4. They often change tasks and positions 5. They have increased responsibilities 6.The manager grants full power and not fragmented tasks 7. They are free and independent 8. The manager inspires loyalty, zeal and dedication. What constitutes good leadership and why is it important that managers understand the relationship between management and motivation. Leadership is a way of motivating a group to enable them to achieve their aims. It also involves being responsible for the group as a whole. A leader is either appointed by the senior levels of management or elected by the group. However, it has been argued that a leader can not have all the skills required therefore the optimum will be to have as a leader someone who is flexible but when it is required s/he will let the leadership to the others. Although no ultimate definition of...Furthermore, all people do not give equal weight to each category needs. Each person is different and has a distinctive personality. Herzberg's motivation theory is the most accepted theory. The theory is based on the outcome of a research according to which there are two major categories, the ones that please us and the ones that dissatisfy us: In general, employees can be motivated when: 1. They can manage and plan their work 2. They have a variety of tasks 3. They are not micro-managed 4. They often change tasks and positions 5. They have increased responsibilities 6.The manager grants full power and not fragmented tasks 7. They are free and independent 8. The manager inspires loyalty, zeal and dedication. However, it has been argued that a leader can not have all the skills required therefore the optimum will be to have as a leader someone who is flexible but when it is required s/he will let the leadership to the others. A general definition would be that "a leader is someone who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal". There are 3Ps that are related with the term "leader" and these are: People, Purpose and Person.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Reaserched, documented position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reaserched, documented position paper - Essay Example It has many properties and benefits, which many seek to undermine on the path to legalization. In this paper some history and chemistry of the plant will be identified, as well as the many arguments for and against, of which some will be covered herein. In keeping with these arguments, California’s Proposition 19 for the legalization of marijuana will be covered. Already, it is legal in many states for use as a therapy drug for pain, but this paper will seek to prove that marijuana should be legalized for use of the general public, as the overall effects of this plant are very similar to an already legal drug: alcohol. Alcohol is legal on all 50 states to consume, has very similar mind-altering effects, yet marijuana is still an illegal substance. Marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes for approximately 5000 years. Where it came from is unclear, but it is hypothesized that it came from Central Asia. It is suggested that the Asiatic nomads dispersed the plant throughout Asia in their travels, and Herodotus, the Greek historian, once said that the â€Å"Scythian passion was inhaling the smoke of burning hemp plants.† it was later discovered that hemp fiber was being used by the Scythians as well for clothing. However, these nomads migrated out of central Asia after 1700 B. C. use of the drug remained primarily for intoxication throughout the Mediterranean region, Asia, Egypt and the rest of Africa. An ancient physician in the Mediterranean area noted which parts of the plant could be used for rope, clothing and pain relief. In ancient China, it was used for gout, rheumatism, malaria and absent-mindedness. He also noted that other parts were best for muscular problems. In India, the plant was used to make a drink for the heroes of the day before they executed so-called great feats of heroics. The chemistry of marijuana was a mystery until 1942, when H. J. Wollner was able to isolate and identify the naturally occurring substance, tetrahydroca nnabinol (THC). This substance has been found to be useful medically in many different venues. One of the first was the use of marijuana to stifle symptoms of nausea in chemotherapy patients. It also gives them a psychological benefit, providing them some sense of control over their body while suffering from cancer. Marijuana has been found to increase a person’s appetite, which can be very beneficial to someone suffering from AIDS, cancer or other illness that reduces appetite. In studies of medical marijuana use in glaucoma sufferers, the results have been mixed. Although its medicinal use for eye damage in somewhat substantial, but the toxic effects from such a high dose were more risky than glaucoma itself. From use as an analgesic, antispasmodic, a treatment for epilepsy and glaucoma to possibly its most well known medical uses, for multiple sclerosis and an anti-nausea drug in chemotherapy patients. On November 2, 2010, California proposed the Marijuana Legalization Ini tiative, simply called Proposition 19. This bill was for allowing the legalization of marijuana in the state of California, giving local governments the power to regulate, tax and impose varying criminal and/or civil penalties, as they deemed appropriate. This bill ultimately fell under similar current laws regarding alcohol. A person must be 21 or older, people could not possess it on school grounds, use it in public, or provide it

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Quantifying the properties of various types of Megayacht fillers Literature review

Quantifying the properties of various types of Megayacht fillers - Literature review Example Any marine equipment requires strong and durable surface finishing that would enable it last longer in terms of body maintenance. There are several fillers found in the market, but the big question that remains unanswered is their sustainability in the market. Your boat is not only under threat from the components; damage can occur as a result of abrasion, collision and other mechanical damage. Fillers can be applicable in minute repairs and choosing the right one for the task is very necessary in case the result is meant to last at the end of it all. Fillers are normally available with several characteristics that are specific to how they will be applied. Fillers are available in a wide variety. There are new releases on a daily occasion which draws attention as to which should be the appropriate one for use. According to Hellio and Yebra, considerations should be made on the mechanical strength that the filler will have to avoid having detrimental effects on the coating later on (2009 p.315). Several companies are on the forefront in advertising their products, but through market research, it has been established that there are some which leaves a wanting result after their use. Some filler have been designed for quick drying and much simple repair properties on top side surfaces. Others need keen care having been built for long lasting reasons. Fillers remain one of the most demanding applications in marine world. Having the right filler also remains a major concern for most end users. End users are always torn apart between choosing the right kind of filler to use. Some end users go as far as applying inappropriate fillers just because the filler is well known and is popular in terms of advertisement. At the end of this paper, there are several facts that a user should be well aware of which include: The whole article has six segments which include the introduction, problem statement, Aims and objectives, project plan, resources, literature survey and

Friday, August 23, 2019

Product Liability Lawsuit against Toyota Research Paper

Product Liability Lawsuit against Toyota - Research Paper Example They confessed the problem into the design and announced to get the vehicles back. It was a product safety issue which had to be faced by a world top class car manufacturer. The negative propaganda was started and then it was then investigated by internal as well as external experts. Â  After the examination of the various samples, it was no more a doubt that the design was faulty in real. It was a mega decision to call it back (Product Safety Civil Penalties Improvement Act, 2007). It brought billion dollars loss for the owners. A total of 10 million vehicles across the globe faced the same problem and this was strictly called into action. The company had to pay $50 million for the record fines and is facing several lawsuits and the huge question mark on the credibility of the company. In the class-action lawsuits, there were claims of over $100 million dollars and the market value went down by $30 billion. However, that was not a time to blame anything. The reputation of Toyota motors was rapidly gone down in a few weeks. After the announcement of taking the vehicles back, the experts analyzed the scenario according to their own judgment and available information. Some of the critiques even revealed that it was a deliberate publicity stunt. Whatever it was, bu t Toyota motors evident the history with a unique case which was never before. Â  

Choose a good tittle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Choose a good tittle - Essay Example Here, the â€Å"Neo† means new form of liberalism where the defenders of liberalism have much to argue. It is an arguable fact, that the public have shown enthusiasm regarding neoliberalism and neoliberal reforms since decades. The reason for this is the enhancement or prosperity it has brought to the capitalist and the downgrading it has brought upon poor and working class men. The appraisal might have been coming from the rich business group whereas the contradiction can come from the working class people and social thinkers and activists. The thinking of people on neoliberalism or the enthusiasm people have on it should be tempered considering its negative impact on the society. Since neo liberalism is affected by many economic and political factors, a deep analysis by considering this will give an understanding as to whether the economical critique or political critique is right. Economic enthusiasm which neoliberalism arises in the minds of men is agreeable as this leads to capitalism and privatization of trade. It is extremely favorable for business world in accumulating wealth and power. Neoliberalism has led to the opening of national borders in order to allow free trade which has been tempting to the commercial world that is engaging in liberal trade with minimum restriction from government. The power and authority which it gives to the capitalist is enormous and this needs to be tempered in order to give liberal values to working class and poor people. Neoliberalism excites people due to its liberalization of economic trade which brings in prosperity to the corporates and the business lobbyist of global world. However, the income inequality it showers on the poor has awakened the public to fight towards it. In Political sense, the enthusiasm on neoliberalism needs to be tempered for the reason that it steals away privileges from the society. The neoliberalism

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Diversity in American Education Before 1960 Essay Example for Free

Diversity in American Education Before 1960 Essay The diversity in terms of the student population in American education before 1960 was largely dependent upon the issue of racial equality. The push for racial equality in the United States got a boost from the demands placed on all facets of society during World War II. The mobilization effort relied on the black race to win the war and once it was over, there was no turning back. Furthermore, the ideals of freedom and equality, which were the backbone of the Allied war cry and the foundation for the anti-communist Western movement, did not sit well alongside Jim Crow laws and public acts of racial discrimination. The Jim Crow System is also called â€Å"segregation†. It is a process in and through which Southerners may be said to legitimize their racial supremacy over the Blacks or Negroes. It is a system in and through which the central idea is â€Å"differentiation†. The aforementioned differentiation is done on the basis of ethnicity or race. It is therefore not difficult to see that such a system will encounter numerous criticisms due to the implications that result from it. Differentiation entails the recognition that races are different and as such, it creates a political setting that â€Å"separates† races such as the Whites from the Blacks. In addition to this, it also separates and ultimately, limits or confines races such as the Blacks to a social sphere with corresponding social functions that are imposed on them. In line with this, this paper will focus on the manifestations and effects of racial segregation on the American public educational system before 1960. It will do so since the end of racial segregation within the American public school system was largely determined by the effects of the Civil Rights movement as can be seen in the discussion of the Supreme Court Cases on educational and racial equality before 1960. The following cases will show the effects of racial inequality on the diversity of the population in the American public educational system prior to the aforementioned period. In 1954, the United States of America’s Supreme Court decided a landmark case concerning educational and racial equality. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954), the Court’s ruling is grounded on the principle that the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal† [this doctrine is referring to the segregation policy, more specifically, the segregation policy in the schools in the U. S. ] will not and cannot provide Black Americans with the same standards and quality of education available for White Americans. The court thus, outlawed the â€Å"racial segregation of public education facilities† for the aforementioned reason. On May 17, 1954 the Warren Court handed down a 9-0 decision which stated, in clear and certain terms, that â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal†. Chief Justice Warren writes: Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. (1954, np) Moreover, racial segregation, as the court sees it, is against the pronouncements of the Constitution; the segregation of students on the basis of race or ethnicity and the legalization of a segregated public school education through the enactment of certain statutes serving to legitimize the creation and operation of schools that are exclusively for Whites or for Blacks, is clearly, not justified. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka remains and is still considered as a turning point in the determination of racial diversity in the educational institutions within the United States. The second case involves an implication of the Brown Cases [Brown Cases since there are Brown I, II and III cases]. Due to the Supreme Court’s verdict that segregation is â€Å"unconstitutional† and of course, due to the increasing rallies, boycotts and protests conducted by the advocates of the Civil Rights Movement, issues regarding â€Å"busing† as an appropriate means by which school administrators may comply with the then seemingly constitutional requirement of â€Å"desegregation†. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 (1971) was an important United States Supreme Court case which deals with the busing of students to promote integration in the public school system. After the first trial’s decision in favor of the Board of Education, the Court held that â€Å"busing† was the appropriate solution to address the existing racial imbalance among schools at the time, even where the imbalance resulted from the selection of students based on geographic proximity to the school rather than from deliberate assignment based on race. Busing was done as in the cases of two Northern cities; Boston and New York to ensure that schools would be properly integrated and that all students would receive equal educational opportunities regardless of their ethnicity or race Milliken vs. Bradley 418 U. S. 717 (1974), just like the Swann n. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case is also another case concerning â€Å"busing†. Specifically, the Milliken vs. Bradley case deals with the â€Å"planned forced busing† of public school students across district lines among 53 school districts in Detroit. Hence, the case is also a consequence of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case. The Court held that â€Å"[w]ith no showing of significant violation by the 53 outlying school districts and no evidence of any interdistrict violation or effect†, the district court’s remedy was â€Å"wholly impermissible† and not justified by Brown v. Board of Education (Milliken vs. Bradley 418 U. S. 717, 1974, np). The following statement by Friedman echoes the ramifications of the Milliken v. Bradley case The world was made safe for white flight. White suburbs were secure in their grassy enclaves. Official, legal segregation indeed was dead; but what replaced it was a deeper, more profound segregation Tens of thousands of black children attend schools that are all black, schools where they never see a white face; and they live massed in ghettos which are also entirely black. (Friedman, 2004, p. 296) Another case set during 1974 shows the conditions of diversity in the American public school system prior to 1960. Morgan v. Hennigan is a class action suit on behalf of fifteen Black parents and 43 children which found the Boston School Committee guilty of maintaining a dual, that is, segregated school system. In a court order issued by Garrity, imposed or forced busing will be done on the city of Boston in order to achieve racial balance in public schools. The aforementioned court order was based on a complex system of racial parity and ignored previous busing solutions. The Boston School Committee, according to the ruling of the court, through various means and capacities violated the constitutional rights of the plaintiffs by imposing segregation in terms assigning students to other areas, segregating residential patterns, transportation and grade system policies, to name a few. The School Committee thus, violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution because instead of ensuring that Black children be given equal protection under the law, the segregation policies instead placed the Black children in an unfair disadvantage. The proper course of action that schools should take according to the court is to enact policies that will eliminate racial discrimination and not its converse. We will now discuss Boston Busing in the light of Ronald Formisano’s Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s. Formisano’s conclusion regarding busing was that it is a failure. The main aims of desegregation are supposedly, educational equality and racial equality. Both aims however, were never achieved. The desegregation and affirmative action policies were results of the Civil Rights Movement and the Supreme Court rulings on the cases discussed earlier. History reveals that the expedited implementation of these policies was not beneficial to the American society since it involves an overhaul of large areas of American civil society and political culture. This construal may be strengthened by the â€Å"White Backlash Movements† in Boston. Formisano sees the White Backlash [as in the case of Boston] as a reaction to the implemented â€Å"forced busing†. He further defines the White’s reaction as a â€Å"reactionary populism† involving the middle, working class moved by a sense of â€Å"threat† regarding the policies implemented during the time and the escalating number of White v. Black incidents in the community and schools. It is also interesting to note that the White Backlash, like the Civil Rights Movement of the Blacks lacked a unified reaction and stand on the issue. Whites responded differently, so to speak, on the issue of forced busing. Formisano’s analysis that the White Backlash is moved by a sense of threat is indeed a plausible idea. Other Whites actually support the anti-racial discrimination campaigns but the expedited implementation of desegregation, forced busing and affirmative action threatened their sense of security and their sense of community. In other words, it went too far. Given the aforementioned cases, diversity in American public education before 1960 was largely determined by racial stratification. This however was largely affected by the Civil Rights movement since the movement questioned the main assumption regarding the treatment of individuals with different racial backgrounds. References Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954). Friedman, L. (2002). American Law in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press. Formisano, R. (2004). Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s. Carolina: University of Carolina Press. Milliken vs. Bradley 418 U. S. 717 (1974). Morgan v. Hennigan, 379 F. Supp. 410 (1974). Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 (1971). Warren in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954).

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Examining The Pop Art Movement

Examining The Pop Art Movement In attempt to bring art back into American daily life, the Pop-art movement depicted elements of popular culture by using common everyday objects, chiefly advertising and product packaging, television and comic strips. The images are portrayed with a blend of humour, criticism and irony. Through this, the movement ascertained the position of art into everyday and contemporary life. It assisted in decreasing the gap between high art and low art and abolished the distinction between fine art and commercial art methods. The Pop-art movement rebuffed the abstract style because of its cultured? And aristocratic nature. (World Wide Art Resources 2009) It was during the 1980s that there was a renewal of interest in the Pop-art of the well known Andy Warhol and contemporaries, this resurgence of interest was known as neo-Pop. Adapted from its forefathers, contemporary Pop-art consists of a reworked form; a revival of identifiable celebrities and objects from popular culture with icons and symbols of the current times. (Art History Archive n.d.) Contemporary Pop-art lends from the past, maintaining the critical evaluation of Western culture, relationships, values and interactions. It frequently satirises celebrities and candidly embraces ideas that are challenging and controversial. Although the bombardment upon society of Popular culture and advertising has become significantly greater since the Pop-art movement began, I believe that the critiques of Pop-art are not appropriate to the original nor the contemporary Pop-art scene. Pop-artists artists have continually been engaged in a crucial dialogue with mass culture. They are noted for exploiting these increasingly despised images of mass culture in order to facilitate the critical examination of the effects of consumerism on human thought, emotion and creativity and challenging our assumptions about the purpose and identity of art in a world inundated with media images and messages (University of Virginia 2006), as the following examples by contemporary artists will demonstrate. (expand on this?) Jeff Koons is perhaps the most renowned Pop-artist of the current day. He addresses societys fixation with Pop culture and counteracts the division between appearance and reality, surface and depth, and art and commodity (reword more?)Koons forms his art pieces on consumer products and manipulates everyday objects in order to overemphasise mass-produced cultural objects while uncovering the nuances of marketing. In difference to his 1960s forbearers, Koons desire is to remark on societies psychological investment in consumerism and how these consumer products are fabricated to allure. (Art Knowledge News n.d.) Jeff Koons first exhibition was titled Equilibrium, which was displayed in 1985. One of the defining features of this decade was the forceful growth of consumerism. For this exhibition he produced a series of works displaying consumer items in glass cases. In Three Ball Total Equilibrium Tank (Fig 1), three basketballs were suspended in a glass case, surrounded by authentic Nike posters displaying basketball players in positions of power. The posters in the work represent sport as a means to achieve fame and fortune for young working-class Americans. The posters almost exclusive use of black athletes not just as stars, but in roles associated with elevated power and respect is a comment on the traditional social system that in reality refutes this power or respect to a large majority of African-Americans. According to Koons, the suspended basketballs also suggest death and fame, the ultimate states of existence. (Tate Collection n.d.) Koons Made in Heaven (Fig 2) series is a collection of overtly sexually explicit photographs and sculptures featuring the artist in moments of sexual passion and intimacy with his then pornstar wife Cicciolina. The exuberant images were first displayed during the 1990 Venice Biennale, among more conventional forms of expression. The series produced both shock and excitement among audiences, and stirred much controversy in the art world with a scandalous subject matter that pushed the limits of twentieth century censorship. Although pornography has been a widely acknowledged aspect of society, it deemed controversial because it is a form of Popular culture that was and still remains taboo in polite company. Koons is notorious for testing the boundaries of acceptable taste; his intention in Made in Heaven was to critically examine love, romance and sexual desire, involving the viewer by making them a contributor to the artwork, as most pornography necessitates an outside viewer to be c lassified as such. (Christies 2009)The Made in Heaven series was also in part a response to The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, by the fifteenth century painter Massacio. Koons remarks, In The Expulsion, theres all this guilt and shame that were on Adam and Eves faces, and I wanted to make a body of work that was about guilt and shame and the importance of removing that, so that people could have transcendence over guilt and shame in their own history. (Nance 2010) Made for part of his Banality series, is Michael Jackson and Bubbles (1988) (Fig 3), a six feet long ceramic gilded white and gold statue depicting mega Pop-star Michael Jackson with his pet monkey Bubbles, immortalised as cultic and sacred personalities in an idealised state. Its initially blatantly kitsch appearance gives way to reveal its hyper-realistic approach to evoke the fragility of modern days most eminent star. The situation illustrated in the piece deals with societys idolisation and the ever more bizarre media narrative of Michael Jacksons life. Koons states, It really wasnt so much about Michael Jackson. It was about celebrity status, and about hopes, ideals, hierarchies that are placed on structures which take human form. (Nance 2010) Michael Jackson is the archetype of the glamorous, eccentric tragic and ambivalent and Koons encourages numerous interpretive possibilities. (Astrup Fearnly Museum n.d.) An additional example of a contemporary Pop-artist is American sculptor, Daniel Edwards. His sculptures deal with celebrity and Pop culture in a manner that frequently rouses controversy. The release of his works are usually paired with a press release. (Capla Kesting Fine Art n.d.) While frequently denigrated for his use of celebrity, Edwards artwork are also acknowledged as prophetic and consistent in their capacity for humanising social issues that the media and public have difficulty addressing. Autopsy of Paris Hilton (2007) (Fig 4) was produced as a confrontational and graphic interactive display to communicate to the young the dangers of drink driving. The sculpture is life-sized and depicts Paris Hilton sprawled on a bench with her legs splayed. In one hand she clutches her mobile phone whilst in the other is a glass of wine, in this sculpture she has supposedly died as a result of her drink driving, in which in reality she has been convicted of on numerous occasions. The public are encouraged to remove her innards through a cavity in her abdomen, giving a coroners perspective. Contained within this cavity is also her uterus containing twin dead foetuses, which Edwards says is to bring attention to the teen pregnancy crisis. The sculpture is an attempt to de-glamorise the life of a diva and partier which Hilton is renowned for.(Rayme 2007) The sculpture perhaps also alludes to the cult which is celebrities and their every occurrence and the media and publics unquenchable hunger to get as close as possibly to their idols. Daniel Edwards Monument to Pro-Life: The Birth of Sean Preston (2006) (Fig 5), portrays celebrity Britney Spears in a position of natural birth, whereas in fact she gave birth to her son via c-section and was heavily drugged. The piece created much political debate. According to Edwards it promotes pro-life. At its reveal he called his piece an image of birth and mentioned that it was a new take on the pro-life perspective. He states that pro-lifers generally endorse bloody images of abortion and his aim is to generate debate about a topic that is as he states greater than either pro-life and pro-choice advocates. (Rayme 2007) Japanese artist Masumasa Morimura is a well-known example of appropriating worldwide recognised images taken from mass media and popular culture In my view, there can be no generalisation about the quality, meaning and social significance of works of art, given the discrepancies of aesthetic responses and interpretations. Furthermore, Donald Kuspits view expressed in his article suffers owing to the fact that he assumes that artists should be critics of society rather than witnesses or simply narrators of it. Kuspit is an example of a critic who universalises his personal opinion of Pop-art and delivers his judgement whilst ignoring other responses to Pop. (Walker 2009) Pop art was and still remains one of the most popular styles of art, it was successful in communicating to the general public in a mode in which few art movements did or have since done. (Encyclopedia of World Art n.d.) The reality that Pop-art is effective in generating such a broad range of responses is a tribute to its at first seemingly ambiguous character, a testament that it is more complex and diverse than some critics have accepted, and an indication that it is not as trivial and straightforward as some commentators believe. (Walker 2009)

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay We are one of the foremost tea exporters who manufacture a diversity of own label and private label products from the teas manufactured in own estates situated in the Golden Valley of Bogawantalawa. We control some of the premium High Grown and Low Grown Tea estates in the world manufacturing over 11 million kg per year. We present garden fresh teas at a cost efficient price and every consumer who works with us will have a exceptional occasion of dealing direct without going through middle men. In Sri Lanka Bogawantalawa is a tiny city in (Central province). It is situated at 1514 m elevation higher than sea level in the country. Located Bogawanthalawa is very well-known for its Tea estates among the country. a lot of key companies operate around the tow Majority of tea estates of the area is managed by a company called Bogawantalawa Tea Estates Ltd. Bogawantalawa Tea Estates is the largest Sri Lankan supplier. Theres a sense of mystique when talking about this valley. Known well over for 100 years, this mist enshrouded, mountain valley is known for its tea of outstanding purity and taste. Sought after by connoisseurs the world over, Bogawantalawa produce a unique blend of tea of unparalleled fragrance, flavor, aroma and sourced from this one single valley, it is meticulously handpicked, and comes to you fresh, from tea leaf to teacup. The Bogawantalawa Valley is a miracle of nature. On one side it is surrounded by one of the worlds most beautiful national parks and wilderness reserves, on the other side it is bordered by verdant mountains shrouded in mist. The ancient name of the Valley, Boghavanthalawa, literally means the plain of the gods. But it was not beauty alone that attracted the first Scottish planters to the Valley, way back in the year 1869. These first generation planters found that the extremely fertile soil and the high elevation were conducive to the production of high quality tea very high quality tea. High mountain winds and the abundant monsoonal rains induce a slower, more concentrated growth in the tea bushes. This in turn brings out a tea that is rich in its flowery bouquet and refreshing in its warm taste. 2.0 Mission Statement Bogawantalawa is a company of resourceful people who share a responsibility and commitment to attain excellence in managing the resource of the company by providing customers with high quality products. 2.1 Current market position In below chart we can identify who are the main competitors for Bogawantalawa Company and what is the current market situation of the company in Sri Lanka. High Price Low Price High Quality Low Quality Watawala Tea Cylonta Tea Lipton Tea Dilmah Tea Bogawantalawa Tea Competition Vs Price 2.2 Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company Products Currently Bogawanthalawa Company has been mainly produced six major products. Such as Black tea, Green tea, White tea, Herbal tea, Single Estate tea, flavored tea. These products are successfully marketed in the local market and it has started to construct profits. So the company has taken a decision to enter in to a new market with their existing products. By looking at the above positioning chart we can identify Bogawanthalawa has a High quality product for medium price when compared in to the local competitors. Place The company is looking forward to move to India as their new market. So company has identified two main competitors from existing market such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL). Bogawantalawa Company has sold their product through their own outlets near to factory and also they have in to retail business also through supermarkets and retail shops. Price When comparing to other good brands and existing brands locally we can say that company have priced fairly for the customers. Because company have using high technology to produce the product for high quality. As an impact of using latest technology price has gone little bit up. It will be a advantage, when entering to new market to capture a potential customers company can go for a attractive pricing strategy. Promotion Tea is a product has to promote in different ways than other product. So we can use the media for give publicity first. And also we can use newspapers to give an idea what is this product and quality standards to gain customers trust. And also can have promotional campaigns in that outlets (buy two and get one free) to attract customers first into the brand. (Refer appendix 01 for more details page No 17) 2.3 SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Once the forces affecting rivalry have been recognized, the company will be in a position to identify its strengths, weakness to overcome threats and cash on the opportunities. Under the SWOT factors I have discussed about the key issues and the opportunities that company can use. (Refer appendix 01 for SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company page No 17 18) 3.0 Market overview India and source of information Company has taken a decision to move in to a new market. Tea industry in India is old about 169 years. It inhabits a significant place and acting an extremely helpful part in the economy. So the company has chosen India as the potential market. Tea is an agro-based product and is subjected to vagary of nature. In the face of unfavorable agro climatic situation skilled in tea growing areas in numerous years, Indian Tea farm Industry is clever to maintain large growth in relative to quantity of Indian tea manufacture during the decade time. In India teas is a major beverage in the country. It also considered as the cheapest beverage among the beverages accessible in Indian market. The tea production  provides profitable straight employment to more workers mostly strained from the  backward and communally poor part of the community. It is also a considerable overseas replace earner and supply significant quantity of income to the country. In India tea plantations mainly situated in rural hills and diffident areas of North-eastern and Southern States. Kenya is fundamentally a CTC tea manufacturing country. While India is face to the competition from Indonesia and Sri Lanka with look upon to sell abroad of orthodox teas and from China with look upon to green tea export, it faces competition from other African countries and Kenya in exporting CTC teas. For India the foremost competitive countries in tea industry in the globe are Kenya, China, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Sri Lanka and Indonesia are producing largely orthod ox varieties of tea. China is the foremost producer of green tea to the market. By looking at the factors Bogawantalawa Company has decided to move in to Indian market. Appendix 02-(SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India and PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry and source of information page No 19-22) 3.1 Special features of the Indian Tea Industry High cost due to high input cost. Low investment in Development Programme. Huge percentage old tea and Low Productivity. No main concern for Scientific Cost Management. Production dependent of agro-climatic conditions. Labour intensive. Product Life is for limited period. Same plant and same agro-practices give variations in quality in different regions. 4.0 Competitor analysis Looking at the Indian market we can identify two main competitors. Such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited. TATA Tea TATA Tea is the biggest perpendicularly integrated tea industry in the globe, from its  agricultural estate activity throughout to its packaging and marketing initiatives. Tata Tea Limited, also known as Tata-Tetley, is the worlds second largest producer and distributor of tea. It also involves in the farming and produce of instant tea and black tea, tea buying, and trade of tea in bulk or value added form. It offers tea mainly under the many brand names such as TATA Tea gold, TATA Tea premium, TATA Tea Agni, Tetley, Kanan Devan, and Chakra Gold. (Refer appendix 03 for SWOT analysis of TATA Tea and internal environment analysis page No 23 24) 4.1 Assumptions The company assumes to enter in to the biggest existing market in India. Because of the high quality company assume that can capture a market soon as they go to the market. Sri Lankan tea is the one of the best Tea in the world so Bogawantalawa Company is a part of it. Company is product is high quality so company assumes that their product is better than to Indian tea when comparing to the competitors. Also assume that company can capture working class of the country because mostly rich people in the country looking forward to have coffee than tea. And company assumes their pricing strategy is better than competitor. And also assume to take over a 10 to 20% market share within the five years time period. In India lot of people prefer tea so can assume demand for tea will remain as the same. 4.2 Objectives Increase the market share 15 to 20% within the five years time. Generate brand awareness within consumer target market and  business target market. Increase the quality with new technology and reduce the price than competitors. The corporation is focused on building value around its  brands to differentiate it from competitors. Improve the distribution through best known established dealers, retailers. Create a publicity operation to build brand consciousness and distinguish products superiority from competitors through emphasizing trade-sales advertising to support delivery approach. Build a long-lasting affiliation with the  buyer and is powerfully positioned in its exacting segment. To improve market share by 4% in the each year. Market share as % 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total Market share Every year by 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 20% 5.0 Ansoffs Matrix for Bogawantalawa Tea Current Product New Product Current Market Market Penetration- Relationship marketing, industries cafeteria, retail stores, supermarkets. Product Development   Re branded, re packaged products, new flavors, and new varieties. New Market Market Development   Open outlets all over the country, New resellers, new delivery channel, online selling, make popular the brand and the logo. Diversification- Partnership activities, campaigns and knowledge exhibitions and workshops. 5.1 Marketing strategies For product development Pull strategy. Brand awareness. Heavy advertisements. To gain bargaining power of suppler. Pricing strategy Premium pricing strategy. Skim price in Order to gain the cream from the top of the demand curve. High price shall be changed, with a 30% increase as compared to the leading competitor. Product marketing strategies Massive campaigning using the concept of pull strategy. Allocation of advertisement budget at 5% A product focusing on the high class at a high price, thus a creating a niche market segment. Co branding through installation of finlays tea machine at different places in corporate sector or other business. Media campaigning regarding decaffeinated. Free samplings. Slowly but surely open outlets in other parts in the country. (Refer appendix 04 for more details on marketing strategies page No 25) 5.2 Target market Daily tea drinkers Offices (government and privet sector) Retail shops, resellers and supermarkets Restaurants, hotels and guesthouses Target market Portfolio Matrix for Bogawantalawa tea High High Business strengths Industry/ Market Attractiveness Low Low Hotels, Restaurants Daily tea drinkers Retail shops Supermarkets Offices 6.0 Porters Five Forces Industry rivalry à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Low switching costs. There are approximately700 tea companies in India hence there is intense rivalry amongst them. Market is dominated by a large number of unorganized players. Industry growth is slow. Bargaining Power of Buyers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Not much product demarcation in terms of taste also low switching cost. There are a large numbers of buyers purchasing the manufactured goods. Buyers purchase a huge quantity of the industrys total production. The bargaining power of buyers is extremely high as the buyers have numerous options on hand. Bargaining power of suppliers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" [Low] There are substitute like coffee available. Suppliers product creates low switching cost. There are a large number of produces of tea in India. Threats of substitutes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [Moderate] Substitutes coffee, cold drinks, fresh juices Existing customers are loyal The existing products quality and performance may be better. Substitutes price may be lower. As there are so many players in the industry a price war is unavoidable. Threats of new entrants à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Encouraging government policies like food and beverages act. Large untapped rural markets for branded tea segment in rural India and Indian tea in global markets. 6.1 Porters Strategic Matrix Low cost High cost Narrow Broad Competitive Scope Source of competitive advantage Cost Leadership Differentiation Bogawantalawa Company Cost Focus Differentiation Focus Bogawantalawa Company chooses the Differentiation strategy because it involves creation company goods unlike from and more smart from competitors. Company do this depends on the accurate nature of tea industry and of the products and services themselves, but will naturally involve durability, also brand image, functionality, support and features that companys consumers value. To make a winner of a Differentiation strategy, companies require, Good research, development and innovation. The ability to deliver high-quality tea products. Effective sales and marketing, so that the market understands the benefits offered by the differentiated offerings. 7.0 Branding Strategy Make Your Global Brands Local Use Local Brands to Establish a Market Presence Grow Your Own Local Brands When Possible Recognize That Brands May Mean Something Completely Different Address the Liabilities of Global Brands Increasing customer loyalty Contribute to unproductive expenditures in operational areas that contradict what company brand stands for Company can modify ads, but the fundamentals of slogan, logo, and color need to basically look the same. Make small changes over time so that consumers wont get puzzled and lose the product. After all, if company change ad too much and consumers dont recognize it, then company just lost all of the good will, appreciation, and trust that company have built up with branding strategy over time.  If company does want to make huge changes all at once, then company wants to tell consumers about it. Company will need to momentarily increase advertising budget so that company can keep consumers educated, and not lose them. Company might consider a direct mail campaign, or television advertisements etc. company will want to change them regularly because if not it will get really bored with the branding strategy. Until the consumer is serious about making a purchase, they wont really pay close concentration to ads. Company will feel familiar to them because they have seen ads 100 times, but only when they are ready will they really read it. Same old boring advertisement will not bore customers. Do not change the overall look and feel of ads unless you dont get the sales as company expected. (Refer appendix 05 for Brand Positioning Matrix page No 26) 7.1 Positioning Statement A brands position refers to its place in the customers minds. Positioning creates a unique space for a brand, and succinctly articulates the position to the brands core target audience. The company wants to make customers mind if goes to make a tea, that time remember what the tea there is using. Bogawantalawa Company theme is quality tea for everyone they have target the audience who loves the tea can use Black tea and who willing to reduce the weight can use green tea.etc. 7.2 Product Strategy Product strategy based on the most current company and product vision. Product differentiation strategy when company and competing firms offer a product that fulfills the same need. In a product-differentiation strategy, company goal is to put distance between your product and competitors product. Essentially, competitor sells tea A, but you Sell tea B, in company strategy, company need to produce tea B so that tea lovers find Bogawantalawa tea to be superior to companies competitors. price-based product strategy, the goods is designed according to such things as cost-plus pricing that where company set the price of the product at the production cost plus a specific profit margin, value-based pricing that where the price is derived according to the products value in relation to competitors products, and target-return pricing that where you set a price in order to receive a certain profit return. Market share Market growth rate Low High Low High Product strategy Boston Matrix Star Question mark ? Cash Cow $ Dog By doing a market survey can find how products come to the BCG matrix. After looking at the matrix cash cow products and star products will be marketed. 7.3 Pricing strategy The point is here Bogawantalawa Tea Company cannot set a price that is too high because competitors will attract by potential profits and will follow by a lower price. After having taken all the important factors into consideration, there five price level fixing seem appropriate. (Refer appendix 06 for more details on pricing strategy page No 27) 7.4 Distribution strategy (Place) Tea will be distributed by these channels; supermarkets, independent food stores, convenience stores, multiple grocers, Bogawantalawa outlets and direct sales. (Refer appendix 07 for more details on distribution strategy and the action plan for five years page No 28) 7.5 Promotion strategies Promotional activities will convey that the clear massage of Bogawantalawa Tea is a healthy drink for daily tea drinkers, sporty and young and any generation who simply enjoy taking care of the body and the pure taste of a tea. There are some product promotional strategies such as TV advertisements, Radio, Magazines, outdoors, personal selling, public relations and publicity. (Refer appendix 08 for more details on promotional strategies page No 29) 8.0 Assumed budget and Risk management Risk management involves assessing and quantifying business risks, then taking measures to manage or reduce them. Its purpose is to generate ideas and promote good practice for those involved in the business of managing risk. All too often assessments of risk are crudely made and the consequences of getting things wrong can be serious, including lost opportunities, loss of business and loss of reputation. Administration the competitors in the market also will be an additional risk. This can be prevented by providing different and more quality products to the customers. Then the customers will not try to move towards the competitive companies in the market. And also Market Risk includes interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and investment portfolio risk. Interest Rate Risk is the risk of financial loss from changes in market interest rates. As strategic risks we can say that, Governance Risk is the risk of having an inadequate structure or body to make effective decisions. Budget By having a budget companies can allocate the resources as they wanted. And also budget will help for the company to have an idea about potential expenses and fast expenses of the company. (Refer appendix 09 for assumed Budget page No 30) 9.0 Conclusion In this report included a five years marketing plan for Bogawantalawa Company. In this report, I have discussed about how Bogawantalawa Tea industry willing to move to new market in India and how to use suitable strategies and how to market the product in very competitive environment. For get to know about environment I have done a research on competitor SWOT, PEST analysis to get a better understanding about the environment. Also I have use some theoretical matrixes to get a clear idea how the markets moves and what are the products that we should market. And also I have discussed about pricing and better promotional strategies that company will find comfortable at last I have given some recommendations that would help the Bogawantalawa Company for potential achievement and capture market share in five years time. 10.0 Recommendations As recommendations for potential success we can suggest that Increase number of service outlets, In recent times there have been numerous tea and coffee shops bounce up in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore etc Tea house shpul beset up in a similar fashion and premium quality teas should be served at these outlets. And also strategic alliance, Tie up with own range of five star hotels to supply premium quality tea also with lower end three star hotel and also local eateries. Tie-up with airlines, caterers etc to promote Bogawantalawa tea to the market. By tie up with these companies it will easy to build relationship with corporate customers and build a good customer relationship and also make popular the tea through them. And also own depots, To start own depots of Bogawantalawa Tea so that they can sell loose tea thus reducing cost of packing which will also reduce the Vat additional charges. Thus masses from lower income group would be effectively targeted. And also Launching of flavored teas bamboo cups in china bring it to India too. Launching of more flavors in India. And also Increase profit margins for retailers to achieve higher sales volume as they are the main influencing factors in lower income group people. And also providing a bundle pack like a small tea sachet free with 100 grams pack of  biscuits. 11.0 Reference Johnson, G, 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 5th ed. Prentice Hall: Financial Times. Bohlander, Snell, 2007. Human Resource Management. 4th ed. USA: Thomson Higher Education. Jordan, Roass, 2006. Corporate Finance Fundamentals. 5th ed. Singapore: McGraw Hill. Global tea industry. 2011. Globa tea industry. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28455965/Study-into-the-tea-industry-of-India. [Accessed 03 January 12]. India tea. 2011. India tea. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www1.american.edu/TED/indiatea.htm. [Accessed 04 January 12]. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=BOPL:SL. [Accessed 06 January 12]. Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bplteas.com. [Accessed 06 January 12]. swot analysis india. 2011. swot analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiadairy.com/ind_swot.html. [Accessed 07 January 12]. PESt analysis india. 2011. PESt analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/29980456/PESTLE-Analysis-of-India. [Accessed 09 January 12]. Competitor analysis . 2011. Competitor analysis . [ONLINE] Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/competitor_analysis.htm. [Accessed 10 January 12]. Ansoffs Matrix . 2011. Ansoffs Matrix . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/sethaphat/starbucks-presentation-presentation. [Accessed 11 January 12]. BCG Matrix. 2011. BCG Matrix. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/prasadshahane/hul-final. [Accessed 11 January 12]. 12.0 Appendix 01 Current market position Promotion Insistent Marketing Strategy Bogawantalawa can take benefit of the encouraging force down on the health repayment on tea to enhance the sales of its ice tea product line. Foundation of its media releases and promotion campaigns Company can exercise current studies on the health repayment on tea. Improve Packaging The Bogawantalawa flavored Tea are available locally in two sizes, the 500g packet and 1Kg packet. Bogawantalawa can come up with additional wrapping sizes to make sure that customers will have additional choices and that Bogawantalawa flavored Tea will be simply and willingly accessible to customers. SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Strengths When we looking at the strengths of Bogawantalawa Company we can identify that company has a old industry record, long experience, new technical and man power skills, good research and development support, mostly they pick tea from their own estates so cost advantage, assets leverage, effective communication, innovations through experience in the company, loyal customers from long time because of the image of the company and the high quality, also market share leadership, strong management team, strong brand equity, every company should have financial sustainability so this will be great advantage for the Bogawantalawa company, strong supply chain, and having fair product price among the competitors. And also the quality control within the company is good. Company having a strong image in the local market, so it will be advantage when moving into new market. Weakness Basically min development investment, stagnant production, less effective cost management, declining exports are major weakness can see from the Bogawantalawa Company but there are some more such as diseconomies of scale, low R D, less online presence, less diversified, weak real-estate, the facility for the production of the tea have become obsolete. The growing stock is old and has lost productivity. Factory modernization is slow and there is an imbalance in the production ratio of orthodox. The productivity is low when comparing to the international players. Above mentions the main and weaknesses of the Bogawantalawa Company. Opportunities As opportunities we can see that quality and brand equity, export potential, big domestic market, financial institutional support, acquisitions, financial markets, emerging markets and expansion abroad, innovation, go through online selling and online marketing, takeovers, world demand is for black tea expected grow rate is 3.2% per year. The substantial part of demand coming from the developing counties, particularly middle east and CIS countries which has preference of orthodox tea. Also CIS counties willing to buy who providing good and quality product so this will be potential opportunity for the company. The future consumption potential in other markets is so high. Company produces a wide array of tea, from high quality light tea to strong dark tea. It can exploit this ability to expand the product line and diversify into related products. These are the major opportunities that company has identified. Threats Threats for the company such as open global competition, low cost in some countries (Kenya), uncertain price, cheaper technology, economic slowdown, external changes (governments, Tax and regulations, politics.etc), exchange rates fluctuations, maturing categories products, price wars and also product substitution such as soft drinks and coffee. Kenya has overtaken the Sri Lanka as the worlds largest exporter of tea, the technology development and product development is low when comparing to the competitors because of the cost factor. Stagnant infrastructure development may decrease the industrys ability to compete internationally. These are the main threats that Bogawantalawa Company has been facing on. Appendix 02 SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India Strengths We can see that main Strengths are such as Technical Manpower Skill- Due to a huge population base in India Technical and manpower Skill is available in plentiful. And also Demand for tea has been growing at some 2% per annum and should accelerate further. And good Research Support by tea growers has will help industry grow further. Weaknesses Major weaknesses are such as Supply from more efficient players like Kenya, China, Sri lanka. And also Labor intensive industry- The second generation labors is unwilling to join this industry therefore it could pretense a problem of skilled manpower in the near future. And also No efficient Cost Management system adopted by industries and other regulatory  bodies, and Declining Export of India over the years. Opportunities It will be benefit for the companies who exist for achieve future opportunities. The main opportunities are to come up with new flavors and formulation of the tea, tea houses to popularize the impression of tea in India, also Export Potential if India can increase its production capacity, and To make tea more acceptable and fashionable like coffee and Large untapped rural market for branded tea companies lile Hul and Tata Tea. These are the main opportunities can gather from the environment. Threats When we look at the environment of the India we can see that there are four main threats for the tea industry such as Low Cost in some countries like China, Sri Lanka and Kenya, Cost escalation on account of increase in the cost of production, Import of Tea from other countries and also global competition. PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry Political factors Trade Agreements Employment laws Tax policy Trade restriction and Tariffs Political stability Environmental regulations Industry specific regulations Economic factors Demand for food and beverages Customers buying power Exchange rate and taxation Economic growth Foreign Investment Foreign Investment Interest Rate Raw material Availability Social factors Population growth rate Health Consciousness Social cultural changes Trend of Buyers Career attitude Consumer preference Change in life style and occupation Education Technological factors Advances in manufacturing IT developments Research and development activities Industrial

Monday, August 19, 2019

Money Cannot Substitute Passion :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Money Cannot Substitute Passion "Tuan, this is the last time I'm going to tell you, you better clean the house." said my father. "I'll do it later," I replied. "Later?" he said. "Why don't you just make some money and hire a maid to do it. Then you don't have to worry about it!" Coming from a blue-collar background, my father constantly reminded me of the importance of money. It was many years ago that he arrived in this country, carrying me in one arm and his hopes and dreams on the other. It was upon arriving in the advertised land of opportunity that he quickly learned that money was the only ticket to upward mobility. It was rough in the beginning. My father was forced to scrape and save in hopes of providing us with a better home. A family of four, we shared a bedroom in which we all slept together, never separated by more than a few inches apart. We did not have much except the daily warmth and undying devotion for one another. Through diligence and sacrifice, his hard work paid off and newfound success smiled upon us, changing our lives forever. As our new home quickly filled with all the luxuries and amenities the newly reaped profits and investments could afford, it seemed to become emptier to me. Money soon became a substitute for our slowly vanishing relationships. Lazy Sundays spent with him at the Japanese gardens feeding goldfish were replaced by late nights at the store and a brand spanking new widescreen television. The once friendly dinner table where our lives were intertwined through bowels of rice porridge and bean sprouts was abandoned for meals in seclusion. We ate not together, but in our own rooms. The doors and the walls sealing us off in our own separate worlds, closing us off from one another, and hence leaving only a bad taste lingering inside of me. It was not until I left home for college that I was able to fully comprehend what was happening. You see, I lived on the inside and my father lived on the outside. Standing on the hilltop of the university, I am able to look out and see all the possibilities my brick and ivy education has opened up for me.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Leo :: Free Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonardo da Vinci was an all around Renaissance Man, who accomplished many things during his life. He was a celebrated painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist and inventor. Innovations of his paintings influenced Italian art a century after his death. His scientific studies such as anatomy, optics, and hydraulics led to the development of modern science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was born in a town in Tuscany, near Florence. His dad was a wealthy Florentine notary, and his mom was peasant woman. In the mid-1460’s his family and he settled in Florence, where he was given the best education that a major intellectual and artistic center could offer. There he rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. At first he became an apprentice for Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading painter and sculptor at that time. Then in 1478 he became an independent master. He was first commissioned to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall, which was never executed. Other works that he’s done in his youth are; Benois Madonna, Ginevra de Benci, and the Saint Jerome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In about 1482 he went to work for Ludaico Sforza, the duke of Milan. He wrote the duke a letter that stated that he could build portable bridges and that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and making cannons. He also wrote that he could build ships as good as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines. He served as the principle engineer in the duke’s military enterprises and was an active architect of his. While in Milan it was said that he had apprentices and pupils. The most important painting during the early Milan period was The Virgin of the Rocks. Then from 1495 to 1497 he labored on The Last Supper, a mural in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. Leo :: Free Essays   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonardo da Vinci was an all around Renaissance Man, who accomplished many things during his life. He was a celebrated painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist and inventor. Innovations of his paintings influenced Italian art a century after his death. His scientific studies such as anatomy, optics, and hydraulics led to the development of modern science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was born in a town in Tuscany, near Florence. His dad was a wealthy Florentine notary, and his mom was peasant woman. In the mid-1460’s his family and he settled in Florence, where he was given the best education that a major intellectual and artistic center could offer. There he rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. At first he became an apprentice for Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading painter and sculptor at that time. Then in 1478 he became an independent master. He was first commissioned to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall, which was never executed. Other works that he’s done in his youth are; Benois Madonna, Ginevra de Benci, and the Saint Jerome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In about 1482 he went to work for Ludaico Sforza, the duke of Milan. He wrote the duke a letter that stated that he could build portable bridges and that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and making cannons. He also wrote that he could build ships as good as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines. He served as the principle engineer in the duke’s military enterprises and was an active architect of his. While in Milan it was said that he had apprentices and pupils. The most important painting during the early Milan period was The Virgin of the Rocks. Then from 1495 to 1497 he labored on The Last Supper, a mural in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan.

Philip Larkin’s Poem Church Going Essay -- Philip Larkin Church Going

Philip Larkin’s Poem "Church Going" When it comes to religion, we can choose either to believe or not to believe. Some have faith in a supreme being, and week after week, devoutly cram into the church of their choice and recite their prayers. In contrast, there are nonbelievers. They see religion as an escape from reality-- a false hope that after living a long and difficult life, an omniscient, unconditionally loving deity will welcome them into an eternal existence. In Philip Larkin’s poem, "Church Going," the speaker is also a nonbeliever. But whether his lack of faith is in a supreme being is not evident. Rather, his agnosticism is more the result of his displeasure with declining religion. As he walks through the church, unhappy with his surroundings, a tone of disappointment and disbelief becomes apparent. The first stanza introduces us to the speaker as someone who is in church more out of curiosity than religious fervor. He enters only when he is "sure there’s nothing going on," which immediately distinguishes him from other people who go to church. He isn’t a loyal parishioner eager to attend mass. Instead, he wants to enter alone, when he is positive that he will not encounter a priest or believer. We are not sure what real reason the speaker has for entering the church, especially since he does so when services are not in progress. But we do get the impression that being there does not make him happy. He seems bored to be in just "another church," as shown by the dull description he gives of his environment. The "matting, seats, and stone" most people might find beautiful, are reduced to an unexciting list. His reference to the furnishings upon the altar as "brass and stuff at the holy end" clearly shows t... ... that, at one time, the sacraments of life were all connected to this one place. He acknowledges the church as "a serious house" that will never lose its real purpose because someone like him will always come to it. His remote, indifferent attitude as a spectator vanishes here, and turns into a deeper way of thinking which is more universal and philosophical. His original boredom and disappointment no longer fits his personality because he has discovered what attracts him to church. The disappointed, unenthusiastic tone is prevalent through most of the poem. The church simply does not live up to the speaker’s expectations, and he feels uncomfortable in the silence. And although he occasionally has fleeting feelings of "awkward reverence," it is not until the end of the poem that he realizes not only the purpose of the church, but his own reason for being there.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

What Are Social Problems? Essay

A social problem is a condition that at least some people in a community view as being undesirable. Social problems directly or indirectly affect a person or many members of a society and are considered to be problems, controversies related to moral values or both. A few examples of social problems include murder, drug abuse etc. A social issue (also called a social problem or a social situation) is an issue that relates to society’s perception of a person’s personal life. Different cultures have different perceptions and what may be â€Å"normal† behavior in one society may be a significant social issue in another society. Social issues are distinguished from economic issues. Some issues have both social and economic aspects, such as immigration. There are also issues that don’t fall into either category, such as wars. List of social issues Personal issues versus social issues Personal issues are those that individuals deal with themselves and within a small range of their peers and relationships.[1] On the other hand, social issues threaten values cherished by widespread society.[1] For example, the unemployment rate of 7.8 percent[2] in the U.S. as of October 2012 is a social issue. The line between a personal issue and a public issue may be subjective, however, when a large enough sector of society is affected by an issue, it becomes a social issue. Although one person fired is not a social issue, the repercussions of 13 million people being fired is likely to generate social issues. Caste system Caste system in India resulted in most oppressed Untouchables on earth for the past 3000 years. The United Kingdom recently banned the caste system [1] and the US is also planning to ban [2] the caste system. Economy Main article: Economic problem Unemployment rates vary by region, gender, educational attainment and ethnic group. In most countries, including the developed countries many people are poor and depend on welfare. In Germany in 2007 one in six children depended on welfare. That is up from only one in one seventy twelve yes in 1965.[3] economy is undefined nowadays.[4] Social disorganization Main article: Social disorganization theory So called problem neighbourhoods exist in many countries. Those neighbourhoods tend to have a high drop-out rate from secondary school and children growing up in a neighbourhood like this have a low probability of going to college compared to a person growing up in another neighbourhood. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common. Often those neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions.[5] Age and the life course Main article: Agism Throughout the life course there are social problems associated with different ages. One such social problem is age discrimination. An example of age discrimination is when a particular person is not allowed to do something or is treated differently based on age. Inequality Main article: Social inequality Inequality is â€Å"the state or quality of being unequal†.[6] Inequality is the root of a number of social problems where things such as gender, race and age may affect the way a person is treated. A past example of inequality as a social problem is slavery in America. Africans brought to America were often enslaved and mistreated, and did not share the same rights as the white population of America (ex. voting). Education and public schools Main article: Educational inequality Education is arguably the most important skill in being a successful member of society, however there has not been an equal amount of distribution of funding to public schools.[7] The weak organizational policy in place and the lack of communication between public schools and the federal government has begun to have major affects on the future generation. Public schools that do not receive high standardized test scores are not being funded sufficiently to actually reach the maximum level of education their students should be receiving.[8] Work and occupations Social Problems in the workplace include theft, sexual harassment, wage inequality, gender inequality, racial inequality, health care disparities, and many more. Media Media or outlets that publicize information often socially construct social problems. Depending on who owns the media outlet often determines the types of social problems presented, how long they are air, how dramatic they should be, etc. The media is often based towards one end of the spectrum; i.e. media outlets have been accused of either being too conservative or too liberal. Health and medicine Main article: Public health Medication prescriptions have substantially risen in the past decade in our society. The question is whether these medications actually work or is it mind over matter. Studies have shown that placebos are almost as effective in helping with depression than antidepressants.[citation needed] Antidepressants are many of the pills that are being prescribed and make Americans even more addicted to medication because of the concept of taking the pills.[9] Advertising junk food to children The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (April 2013) The food industry has been blamed by many for the increase in childhood obesity by targeting the child demographic in marketing. The food products marketed often are deemed unhealthy because of their high calorie, high fat, and high sugar contents.[10] In the advertisements the company’s have adjusted their ads to make them look much better, e.g. bigger, fresher, cleaner, smarter and much more. It was a main problem of all the world Obesity Main article: Obesity Obesity is a prevalent social problem in today’s society, with rates steadily increasing. According to the Weight Control Information Network, since the early 1960s, the prevalence of obesity among adults more than doubled, increasing from 13.4 to 35.7 percent in U.S. adults age 20 and older.[11] In addition, today two in three adults are considered overweight or obese, and one in six children aged 6–19 are considered obese. Alcohol and drugs Drugs are at times the cause of social problems. Drugs such as cocaine and opiates offer very limited positive effects and are extremely addictive. Many users of such drugs will commit crimes in order to obtain their fix. Occasionally, drugs such as methamphetamine or encyclopedic will cause deviant and violent behavior, which would be classified as a social problem.[12] Drunk driving is on the rise and is the number two cause of accidental deaths, it is a cause of around 17,000 deaths each year. All but 9 states have adopted the Administrative License Revocation where if you are caught drinking and driving and found guilty you will lose your license for a full year. This is a step that is being taken in order to try to avoid the occurrence of this social problem.[13] Crime and the justice system The federal prison system has been unable to keep up with the steady increase of inmates over the past few years, causing major overcrowding. In the year 2012, the overcrowding level was 41 percent above â€Å"rated capacity† and was the highest level since 2004.[14] The federal prison not only has overcrowding, but also has been the center of controversy in the U.S regarding the conditions in which the prisoners are treated. Environmental racism Main article: Environmental racism Environmental racism exists when a particular place or town is subject to problematic environmental practices due to the racial and class components of that space. In general, the place or town is representative of lower income and minority groups. Often, there is more pollution, factories, dumping, etc. that produce environmental hazards and health risks which are not seen in more affluent cities. Hate crimes Main article: Hate crime Hate crimes are a social problem in the United States because they directly marginalize and target specific groups of people or specific communities based on their identities. Hate crimes can be committed as the result of hate-motivated behavior, prejudice, and intolerance due to sexual orientation, gender expression, biological sex, ethnicity, race, religion, disability, or any other identity.[15] Hate crimes are a growing issue especially in school settings because of the young populations that exist. The majority of victims and perpetrators are teenagers and young adults, the population that exists within educational institutions. Hate crimes can result in physical or sexual assaults or harassment, verbal harassment, robbery, or even in death.[16] The lasting effects of hate crimes can result in mental illness and in disorders such as depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, etc. The issue is a social problem because it is widespread and affects many of our communities and the individuals within them who do not fit the norm. Valence issues versus position issues A valence issue is typically a social problem that is uniformly agreed upon.[17] These types of issues generally generate a widespread consensus and provoke little resistance from the public. An example of a valence issue would be incest or child abuse.[18] Unlike a valence issue, a position issue typically outlines a social problem in which the popular opinion among society is divided.[18] An example of a position issue is vegetarianism or veganism, due to the lack of widespread consensus from the public. Abortion Main article: Abortion Abortion is split between individuals who are either pro-choice or pro-life. Pro-choice people believe that abortion is a right. They believe that women have that right and shouldn’t be prevented from exercising that right by governments. Pro-life people believe that person-hood begins at conception and they believe that abortion is the wrongful killing of an innocent person.[19] Factors responsible for social problem: Social change Social change refers to an alteration in the social order of a society. Social change may include changes in nature, social institutions, social behaviours, or social relations. What Is the Meaning of Social Disorganization? Answer Social disorganization is the inability of community members to come together to achieve goals or solve problems. Social disorganization usually refers to urban areas. It also usually refers to the poor. What Is a Social Evil? Answer A social evil is an issue which directly or indirectly affects members of a society and is considered a point of controversy or a problem in regards to moral values. Common social evils include racism, prostitution, domestic violence, child abuse, rape, pornography and corruption.