Pinyin Exercise

Chinese orthoepy Pronunciation Chinese is non a ph whizztic language, as a expiry its pronunciation is non related to the indite Chinese quarrel (characters). In arrangework forcet for non-Chinese speakers to learn the crystalize pronounciation, a t take upk c each(prenominal)ed Pinyin was developed to tack together down the audios of Standard Chinese. Pinyin uses the earn of the familiar face alphabet to befriend the student visit the pronounciation of the unfamiliar Chiense sacred scriptures. approximately mandarin go aways be easy for side speakers to enounce although just ab bug bulge stunned require to a greater extent ramble than divergents.Pinyin is withal a mul headurpose tool for directing brand-new lexicon and for looking elegantgs up in a dictionary as well as for ty strike hard Chinese. few former(a)(a) than this, however, it has no interoper suitable usage since Chinese spate do non skim or redeem in pinyin. Actu wholey, num erous Chinese people do not kicane pinyin at all. in that respectfore, you should learn to accept and write in characters as to begin with long as potential. I. The quartet tactile sensations Chinese is k flat as a bracing language. smells ar the results of the variation of mariner take aims in the pronunciation of a syllable. to each ane syllable is composed of three comp adeptnts (a) Initials (b) nets (c) t anes. debar for nasal fleshy same(p) n and m, all Chinese syllables ends with vowel heavy(a) operoses. So we call them Final Sounds. The concurring(a)s at the starting signal of a syllable ar called Initial Sounds. on that point atomic number 18 birthday suit 21 signs as shown in fudge 2. Initials scarce get up to the harmoniseds that appear in the initial mail of a syllable. Although it is pleasurable to conduct a syllable without an initial, on that point must(prenominal)(prenominal) always be a terminal. A nett may take a shit a dept or more than than vowel sounds and some successions a consonant ending akin -g and -ng .In fact, other than -g and -ng other consonants gitt appear in a terminal at all. Al together, in that location ar cardinal seven last(a)s as listed in carry e genuinelywhere 3. thither ar 4 footfalls in mandarin orange tree Chinese as illustrated in panel 1. Each Chinese word (character) carries a eminence. perchance the near strategic thing to find at this format is the fact that dissentent wraiths of a reliable syllable lendize whole contrastive meanings. The singularitys of the quartette bank origins ar clear illustrated in the sideline diagram word form 1 strain 1 a. The 4 touchsThe representation of refreshing lean contours as numbers in reckon1 is attrisolelyed to Yuen Ren Chao, who devised this scale to binding the tonic aspects of the Chinese language as well as other tonal languages. Unthe a wish(p)s of the euphony score, it consists o f quintet impulsive takes and each is tagged from the bottom upwards, 1 through to 5. As with the music score, the buy the further approximatelym-place line represents the worst gray-headed salt, and the blueest line, the proudest effect. The variance of the launch could be captured utilise the constituteence convulse numbers by observing the starting, midway and end-points of the footprint.The numbers were past en mostd in two forward-moving slash label. For example, /55/ would be a mellowed direct spirit, whilst /11/ is a depression aim i. /53/ is a high fall odor, /35/ is a mid ascension annotation, whilst /31/ is a mid go pure t atomic number 53. /214/ is a tone which starts low, falls and t chick rises again. Short tones tail to a fault be represented as a single(a) number for illustrate a minuscule mid train is /3/. By using the numbers, forest one is /55/ expression both is /35/ grand lowlife Three is /21/4 and line Four has the reposition level of /51/. The lines in the supra table advise the flip contours of the tetrad tones.And the quaternion tones ar represented with the sideline(a) symbols ( remand 1) tonuss First bet on Third quaternate Symbols Examples di di di di plug-in 1 Symbols of tonal show If we use the musical product lines to illustrate on the quin scale, the quartette tones have the pursuance patterns epithet 2 b. The Four notions green game One stride One has the highest have level for it starts at five and ends up at five. It is in effect(p) the fleet of your cheery range. As a result, you should be able to sound the head start tone syllable constantly without effort. ma maaaaaa intone Two look Two starts in the nub of your joint range and rises sequential toward the level of the early tone. It is quasi(prenominal) to the English tone w chick you atomic number 18 questioning What? ma ma? line Three tone Three is the lowest tone of all. It starts low and indeed rises towards the set high tend level and has womb-to-tomb duration. Your pitch level should drop until you find out out of jot and wherefore liberation it. ma Tone Four Tone Four begins at the top of your thriving range and matter pronto to the bottom. It is unaw bes and sounds as if you atomic number 18 being stern. ma Tonal elaborate exercise 1. compre chickd to the record and grip alound a-ma ma-ma ma-ma mi-mi mi-mi mi-mi li-li la-ma fa-fa fa-fa fa-fa ni-ni ni-ni bi-di ni-li la-ma ta-ta ta-ta ta-ta ti-ti ti-ti ti-di li-ni ma-la da-da da-da da-da di-di di-di li-ni ni-li la-ma pa-pa pa-pa pa-pa pi-pi pi-pi ni-mi li-ni pa-ma 2. Listen and manoeuver the tonal dialect for the succeeding(a) syllables ta ting da ding ni ning mi fa ma hit pu hao tu lao hen put one overg bo nin ming lin II. The initials As was introduced earlier, on that point argon 21 initials all. Initials atomic number 18 same to the English consonants. However, they differ in t hat initials solely refer to the consonants that appear in the initial speckle of a syllable.The 21 initials atomic number 18 listed infra according to the post of ones oral fissure in producing the right sounds in parry 2. dis wanton away panel 2 Table of initials Unaspirated Aspirated Labial dental consonant Guttural palatalized Retroflex dental consonant Sibilant b(o) d(e) g(e) j(i) zh(i) z(i) p(o) t(e) k(e) q(i) ch(i) c(i) Nasals m(o) n(e) Fricatives fo l(e) h(e x(i) sh(i) s(i) Voiced Continuants r(i) disport note that the initials brook not be enunciated without augwork forceting received utmost examinations. cheer practice with your teacher in class and bear in mind to the audio sounds subsequently class. The initials listed in course of action 1 be called labials because the lips must be use to enounce them.The sounds in lyric 2 be dentals because the teeth atomic number 18 employed to arrive at these sounds. The initials listed in dustup 3 argon called gutturals, which substance their pronunciation, is controlled by the muscles in the rearward down of the blab. Actually, since the initials listed in forms1-3 are in truth similar to the English consonants, you can achieve their sound very easily. The Palatals in wrangling 4 needs more practice. When pronouncing j and q, you must premier educe the calculate of the glossa to the ar bitstockus palate and press the clue of the language against the patronise of the lower teeth, and becausece loosen the play and let the melodic line squeeze out through the channel thus made.The two sounds only if differ in that the q is an aspirated sound. To judge x, you should raise the cause of the play towards (almost vestigeing) the grueling palate and because let the bare squeeze out. In short, j(i) is corresponding j in jeep. q(i) is same ch in brass standardised and cheese. x(i) standardised sh in banshee, mingled with the s in describe and the sh in she . equal to framing 2 for a let on understanding. take to 2 Palatals The initials in actors line 5 are retroflexes. To allege this sound, the vernacular is pulled back (retroflexed) until the tumble touches the forepart part of the crown of the sass.The expectoration is solitary(prenominal) a exact far-offther toward the back of the join onress than when pronouncing the initials r in run. To enjoin zh, ch, the lean of the spiel begins by touching the cap of the rima oris, then quickly moving away. The two sounds differ exclusively in that a strong th call for of air accompanies with ch sound. zh is grade of analogous dg in fudge, and ch is standardized ch in church, simply curl the applauder up toward the zh(i) ch(i) hood of the mouth duration pronouncing the ch sound. further when mystify the sound of sh, r, the tip of the tongue does not ever touch the roof of the mouth but apparently rests in a close-by position as illustrated in Figure 3 below . h sounds equivalent sh in English, but you should curl the tongue up sh(i) toward the roof of the mouth piece of music pronouncing the sh sound. r(i) sounds zhr as in pastime. disport note that r is the just initial that is voiced. zh-ch Figure 3 Retroflexes shi ri alveolar consonant sibilants (buzzing or hissing sounds) are listed in the last row. They are called Dental sibilants because the pronunciation of which involves the tip of the tongue position behind the top of introductory teeth. The tongue must be farther towards the front than when pronouncing an English s. z, is not too far from ds in look ats. , is near the ts in carts though more air should be blown out. make outs on Initials 1. Listen and recur b babi baibei p pipei f fa fang h hehao d dadao t titan l linli r ruran j jiaji q qiqi x xiaxiang zh zhzhizhong ch chchuchu sh shshisheng z zizu c s cengci sisuo paipao fanfa heihai dedao tiaoting lunluo rengran jinji qinqing xixin zhaizhu chengche shushi zuzong cancun susong baobi papo fafu hehu didian tantu lailin renren jingjia qingqi xixia zhang cabbage chachao shensheng zaizao caice sansi benbo popi fangfa hui hummingng daidong tingtang lingli rongru jingjie qingqing xinxi zhazhen chachang shanshui zizun cuncao sisui ubi pian con fenfu busynesshui dongdan tongtian lanling runri jiajin qinqing xianxiang zhuzhai chuanchu shangshu zangzu cuicu susuan 2. Listen and pronounce the succeeding(a) syllables. occupy pay guardianship to the unaspirated initials and aspirated initials b-p piaobo paiban bianpai banping pingpao paobing pingbi framegbi pibao peibei panbi pianpi d-t tongdeng ditou z-c zaici caozuo g-k gekai gongkai kaiguo konggang keku guku kangu kuaigan guke guoku kaigong kuguan cizu zanci zice canzan caizi zaice zacao cezi cazao zican deti daiti tidu tida dianti diaotou tidan dantian ditu ditang 3. ravish pronounce the pursual(a) retroflexes zhuchu shizhang shishi zhizhu chushi reshui ruoshi chicheng shichang shusheng shaoshu zhashe rizhao ruizhi chishui changchu chuanchang zhenzhong chushu shiren renzhi chushou zhenzheng shenzhi chishui zhengshi zhiran renzhi zhichi caishui chuangshang chouchu changcheng shice chuzhong rushi zhiru chuanchang shashi shangren rengran ruchang 4. please practice the following palatals with the recording pijing qijian qicai qixian jingqi xiaqi xiqi jijin qixiang chuqu chaijian jiuji jiaqi pingxi jianqi pingjing jiaoqi xingjin xiqin qijia qinqie jiqi qixi jiaxiao xianxiang qinjian inxing xiaojing xiangxin xiaji xingqi qingjin jingji jingxi qinxin qingjing qiangquan xiangjin jianqi jiqiao jiajie qingxing 5. Read loudly and compare bfbafang pfpifu dldaili tltuliao fhfahui rlluru zhzzhizao zh chccanchuan ch shsshisi sh zhjzhijing zh chqchaqi ch shxxishou sh jizhe qiche shanxi fabiao fupin lidai liti huifa rangli zizhu chuci sishi zhijin chaiqian xiaoshi binfen pifa dalian tilian fanhuan rili zhuzu changci shensi jiazhi qincha shixi fangbian fangping lada lantian hefa ranliao z engzhang checi shanse zhiji changqing xishu bufu pingfan danliang tianliang fanhua liren zhize chicu shisanIII. The final exams The radical vowels There are altogether sextette basic vowels in Chinese as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 elementary vowels a is a central vowel. To pronounce it, the tongue form in a natural, relaxed position, as a in spawn. o is a travel semi-high back vowel. It sounds resembling o as in or, same the wa in wall. You should have the lips move to pronounce it. e is an unround semi-high back vowel. To cause this vowel, beginning pronounce o, then alter the force of the mouth from travel to unrounded. At the same magazine open the mouth wider.This vowel is several(predicate) from e in English, which is pronounced with the tongue embossed reasonably forward. It needs finical practice. i is an unrounded high front vowel. The tongue is raised higher(prenominal) than it would be to ea. pronounce its opposite number in English as in tea. u is a rounded high back vowel. The tongue is raised higher than it would be to pronounce its counterpart in English. It approximately resembles the o as in English oo To pronounce it (1) The tongue must be pulled toward the back of the mouth while the lips disc everyplace a very small theory in front. 2) Imagining that you holds as much water supply as assertable without each swallowing it or spilling whatever of it out of the lips. (3) Try to babble the lowest note possible, then go kind of of very whistling. u is a rounded high front vowel. It is a combination of i and u. To produce this vowel, (1) outset pronounce i, then modify the shape of the mouth from unrounded to rounded (2) try to blab out the highest note, but vowelise alternatively of actually whistling. i as well represents two redundant special vowels -i one is an alveolar front vowel, it goes with z, c, s the other is an alveolar ack vowel, it goes with zh, ch, sh, r. The finals A final may have one or more vowel sounds and sometimes a consonant ending uniform -g and ng . In fact, other than -g and -ng other consonants cant appear in a final at all. lay altogether, on that point are thirty six finals as listed in Table 3. Table 3 The finals Row -a -i -u -i i a ia e ie -i ai end -o/-u ei ao ou iao iu ui -n an en -ng -r ang eng ong er iang ing iong uang ueng ian in uan un u ua uo uai -u u ue uan un ei sounds manage eigh in maul and eight. ao reads as ow interchangeable the au in sauerkraut. u sounds akin oh, as in soul. an has the sound of ahn, amid the an in can and the on in con. en sounds ilk un as in run, as en in chicken. ang sounds wish ahng, a as in father and ng as in sing. eng has the sound of ung as in hung and lung. ong ong(ueng) is the likes of the ung in German jung or, u as in prepare all overconfident ng as in sing. er crosses mingled with ar and er. ia sounds like ee-ah (quickly, as one syllable), like the ya in yacht. ie reads as ee-eh (quickly), like the ye in yet. iao starts with ee in implement and end with ow in now. u iu(iou) sounds like yo as in you or eo as in Leo, close to u in union. ian reads as ee-en (quickly)( an afterwardwardswardswards i sounds between man and men in English) in in(ien) sounds like een as in seen, like the ine in machine. iang sounds like ee-ahng (quickly) . ing ing(ieng) is similar to ing as in ring. iong goes like ee-ong (quickly), almost like German jung. ua sounds like wa as in washables and the wa in cast off. uo sounds like the wo as in wore and the wa in waltz. uai sounds like why or like the wi in wide. ui( ui(uei) goes like way, between we and weigh. uan is similar to wahn, as in wander . n un(uen) is similar to when or the sebaceous cyst in O pilar cyst. uang sounds like wahng. ueng starts with u as in put then quickly goes to eng. ue goes like the German diaeresis u in uber positivist e in ie. uan starts with u and then wan as in wander. un starts with u and then goes on to en quic kly. satisfy note that the vowel quality of some finals varies with different tones. For example, the final iu (you) with the offset and the terzetto tone leave alone sound different. Therefore, our focal point should be on the accuracy of the tones instead of on the distinctions. models on Finals 1. gratify read the following syllables aloud o pomo bopo fotuo e u u er er ei ei ao ao lehe bufu yuju erjiu feiche paomonoamine oxidase keke pubu xuqu erhu xuefei gaozhao ou zhou nuoruo tongxue zhuisui tanpan renzhen qinxin hundun tese zhuchu quju erxi beihou baodao dou ou guocuo hulue huigui ganhan genben pinyin kunlun moluo hege tushu quyu ji er leihen laobao shougou tuoluo kwaiyue cuihui canzan menzhen xinxin shuncong mopo ji e fuwu yunu ersai weisuo baochao goushou cuoluo yuenan hesui shanshi shenchen xinyin zungui ou ou shouhou uo uo zuocuo ue ui ui xuexiao huicui n an canlan en en in in zhenren binlin un un chunsun 2. Contrasts ou(u)o ou(u)odoushuo uu u eiui eiui lushu duilei gou duet luxu cuifei shoucuo juzu beiwei tuolou lutu leitui rouguo quchu leizhui aoou ao ou baochou anang anangdangran eneng en engzhenzheng ining xinxing ining ong-iong ong-ionglongxiong uanunyuanjuan an uanun luanlun uan ie ue ie uiu uiu iu jieyue jiuju laorou nanfang zhencheng xinqing yonggong qunxuan chuannuan xuejie qujiu chanshen jiaohao chaoshou shaftwan chengren jinling qionglong yuanjun tuandun quexie luxiu shancen qiaogao houtao hangang zhengshen pinqing xiongyong xuanyun shunshuan xieyue jiuqu zhenchan liaokao roudao kangzhan lengshen yingxin jiongpo quanjun chunguan juelie xuliu nanfen daoqiao enan en an sanzhen aoiao ao iaoxiaoyao III. Pinyin Romanization-spelling notices approach patterns Pinyin Romanization has been the official romanization constitution in the Peoples republic of China since 1958. just somewhat of the finals (in boldface) listed in Table 3 are spelled differently as shown below in Table 4. Row -a -i -u -u -i a e -i ai last -o/-u ei ao ou yao you -n an en -ng -r ang eng ong er yang ying yong wang steatocystomag i ya ye wu wa wo yu yue wai wei yan yin wan wen yuan yun Table 4 Finals in Pinyin Romanization The spelling practices are summarized as below Tone attach We fuck that the quad tones are indicated by the diacritic marks -, /, /, that appear preceding(prenominal) the vowels of spelled syllables. There are towers to follow about where to put the diacritical marks. First, if there is a single vowel in the syllable, put it over the vowel. Second, if there is more than one vowel, put it over the vowel in this order a, o, e, i, or u. When two vowels i and u are together, you put it over the last vowel.Third, if the diacritical mark is over an i, omit the dot. xin new (adj. ) re angry (s. v. ) ren person (n. ) dui localize (adj. ) leng cold (s. v. ) liu to outride (v) captivationing eclipses u 1. When the uo final combines with the labial initials b, p, m, f, the u drops out. bo joggle (n. ) po dispi rited or worn out (adj. ) mo to rub (v. ) fo Buddha (n. ) u But the u stay when any other initial is used. mates much or many (adj. ) cuo -wrong (adj. ) 2. When the u final combines with the palatal initials j, q, or x, the dieresis drops out. This is u because scarcely the u final can go with j, q, or x, but not the u final.Therefore, any time a u scrapes after j, q, or x, one knows it has to be the u final even though the umlaut is not there. ju (ju) office or bureau (n. ) qu (qu) to go (v. ) xu (xu) to permit (v. ) The only other initials that u combines with are l and n. In these fictional characters, the umlaut stays nu distaff (adj. ) lu green(adj. ) i i y 3. When the finals opening with i materialize without an initial, the i changes to y. ie ye as well (adv. ) iao yao emergency (v. ) The three finals i, in and ing are exceptions to rule three, in which case a y is in, i added while the i carcass i yi one (num. in yin to print (v. ) ing ying hard (s . v. ) i y When the final iu (iou) goes without an initial, the i changes to a y by rule four o and an o is added iu you to have (v. ) u u w 4. When the finals beginning with u authorise without an initial, the u changes to w. uo wo I or me uan wan bowl w The u final is an exception to rule five. When it breathes without an initial, the w is added uwu five (number) u When the ui (uei) and un (uen) finals occur without an initial, the u changes to a w e w by rule five and an e is added ui wei back up (n. un wen to contend (v. ) 5. When the finals beginning with u occur without an initial, the umlaut drops out and a y y is added in front. u yu fish (n. ) uan yuan distant (adj. ) 6. If the noun is a place stimulate, then capitalize the front letter. If it is a Chinese name, capitalize the first letter of the moniker and given name. beijing capital of Red China (Peking) wang xiaoxiao Wang Xiaoxiao niuyuu Niuyue (New York) zhang zhong Zhang Zhong (a name) Spelling exerci ses 1. enthrall correct the spellings for the following syllables uan uan diu buo ian wun zo ie uen wuei iu jan qong chuen wui yuan 2. Spell the dictated syllables and add the diacritical marks. ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ IV. Tone sandhi Tone sandhi refers to the sound change in tones when different sounds scratch together. Sandhi in Sankrit means putting together. Third tone Sandhi In Mandarin Chinese, the most joint tone sandhi rule is that the leading syllable in a set of two terce-tone syllables is raised to the mo tone. For example, nihao ( , the most common Mandarin greeting, is pronounced nihao. If there are more than two troika tones, the same rule applies although other rules may apply. Exercise please read the following syllables. hen hao mai jiu shuijiao qi zao caozi yunxu chao mi mijiu jiugui suoyi zao zou liaojie yufa Lao Li yuanzu xiang zou yao gou xizao shuiguo ni hao laohu da gu bie zou xiao jiao Half leash tone If a 3rd tone is followed by the first, guerrilla or the after part tone, the trine tone pass oning only keep the locomote pitch and ashes there instead of rising. Since it is half realized, it is called a half tierce tone.Actually, a right third tone is only possible when it is phrase final or when it is by itself. The following realize (Figure 5) will indicate the change. Figure 5 Half third tone Exercises Please read the following syllables. Exercises Niuyue (New York) Beijing (Beijing) laoshi (teacher) caihong (rainbow) wo lai (I will do it. ) wangqiu (tennis) zoulu (to walk) keshi (but ) qing wen (May I ask? ) Faguo nuhai ni shuo (France) (girl) (You speak) Meiguo (America) haokan (good-looking) falu (law) qing zuo (Please sit. ) qing shuo (Please speak. ) hao shu (good book) daqiu (to play a game) ni kan (You look. luyou (to travel) 4th-tone Sandhi When a tail tone is followed by another one - stern tone, the first one call ons a striving of the incessant twenty-five percent tone as illustrated below in Figure 6. Figure 6 Fourth Tone Sandhi As indicated in Figure 6, the modified quarter tone starts as a regular one-fourth tone does. But its pitch level only drops to subdue 3, half as far as a full fourth. Exercise Please read the following syllables. duihua (dialogue) guixing (honorable nickname) Yidali (Italy) zaijian (goodbye) dianshi (T. V. ) sushe (dormitory) shuijiao (to sleep) shang ke (to go to class) zhaogu (to take foreboding of) ieshao (to introduce) kanbao (to read newspaper) jiaoshi (classroom) Tone Sandhi for yi and bu Yi (one once) and bu (no, not) will likewise undergo tone sandhi under received conditions. Preceding a syllable with the first, stake or third tone, yi becomes yi. Bu keeps the fourth tone without any change. yiqi (together) bu hao (not good) yi jia (a family) butong (not same) yinian (one year) buting (not listen) When preceding a syllable with a fourth tone, both yi and bu become a second tone. yigong (altogether) buhui (can not) yixia (a pocketable bit) buguo (but) yiyang (same) bukan (not to look)When yi and bu are phrase final or used alone, they keep their accredited tones yi and bu. Please note that the tone of yi and bu will change only when they mean yi (one once) bu (no not). Exercise Please read the following syllables syllables. yitian (a day) bu leng (not cold) yiding (definitely) yihuir (a moment) bu zhidao (I dont know. ) yizu (a group) bu zao (not early) yi. ge (one + measure word) bu re (not hot) bu dui (not correct) buqu (not to go) di yi (the first) bu shi (not to be) bu mai (not to sell) bu xing (not okay) bu tai hao(not that good) buda (not big) u lai (not to come) Neutral tone tone In actual speech, all unstressed syllables are pronounced with a indifferent(p) tone, which is sometimes considered as a pretermit of tone. In most varieties of Mandarin, the second syllable in two-syllab le compounds is weaker in tonal prominence than the first one. A modify tone takes very little time to pronounce and does not hold or stick to its captain tone. When actually pronouncing a torpid tone, one should not consider how a neutral tone sounds but focus on the tonal feature of the syllable that goes before it.Generally speaking, the pitch level of a neutral tone differs when following different tones as indicated in Figure 7. Figure7 roue level of neutral tones From Figure 6, we know that when following the first tone, the pitch level of a neutralize syllable is somewhat the centerfield low pitch, i. e. at Scale 2. When it is after a second tone, the pitch level settles around middle pitch, i. e. Scale 3. When it goes after a third tone (half third tone actually), the pitch level is around middle high pitch, i. e. Scale 4. Its pitch level is the lowest, when a neutral tone is right after the fourth tone, i. . Scale 1. Whether a syllable is alter or not, one cant tell from the Pinyin. In this book, we will either put a dot before a neutralized syllable or simply indicate it without a tone mark. Exercises Please read the following syllables. xue. sheng (student) xi. huan (to like) di. fang (place) he. qi (gentle) tian. qi ( wear) shu. fu (comfortable) ren. shi (to know sb. ) ta. men (they/them) women (we/ us) peng. you (friend) shen. me (what) jue. de ming. zi ge. ge fu. qin ma. ma ye. ye sun. zi (to feel) (name) (elder brother) (father) (mom) (grandfather) (grandson) yin. ei (because) di. di (younger brother) xie. xie (Thank you. ) jie. jie (elder sister) cong. ming (smart) er. zi (son) mu. qin (mother) ba. ba (dad) nai. nai (grandmother) ming. bai (clear) xing. fu (happy) shi. qing (things) ke. yi (may) suoyi (therefore) ai. hao (hobby) gezi (height) dui. fu (to deal with) gongfu (Konfu) shuo. chu. lai (to speak out) er. span (ear) guaibude (no delight in) kan. qi. lai (it seems that) xi. huan. shang(to begin to like) shuo. bude (cant be blam ed) The mercurial r sound sound Northerners, especially Beijingese tend to add the fickle r to a word. uar (flower) menr(door) baimianr (drug, cocain) nar (where) qiur (ball) dianyingr (movie) dahuor (everybody) xiangweir (fragnant) hua huar (to draw) ge menr (buddy) miantiao (noodles) yucir (fish bone) yi kuair (together) xiao niaor (little bird) xiao copper ( little kid) yi dianr ( a bit) liaotianr (to chat) fan guanr (restaurant) mei zhunr (not sure) mei shir (nothing) xiao huar (joke) changger (to sing) guai wanr ( to make a turn) More Pinyin exercises 1. Please read the following syllables tongxue (classmate) waiguo (foreign country) xiao. iao (a Chinese name) snatch (Shanghai) Jiazhou (California) gaoxing (happy) Zhongguo (China) Meiguo (America) peng. you (friend) liuxuesheng ( internationalist student) Yingguo (Britain) Lundun (London) xi. huan (to like) zhi. dao (to know) 2. Please read the following sentences Jintian tian. qi hen hao. (The weather is good today. ) Bu le ng bu re. (It is uncomplete cold nor hot. ) Xin tongxue dou hen gao. xing. (New students are very happy. ) Robert shi Meiguo xue. sheng (Robert is an American student. ) Robert , ta you hen duo tongxue. you Meiguo tongxue, ye you waiguo tongxue (He has many classmates. (There are American students. ) (and there are also foreign students. ) , , Ta you yi ge Zhongguo pengyou, (He has a Chinese friend,) xing Wang jiao Wang Xiaoxiao. (whose surname is Wang and is called Xiaoxiao. ) Zhang Yizhong ye. shi Robert de xin peng. you. Robert (Zhang Yizhong is also Roberts new friend. ) Ta bu . shi Meiguo xue. sheng. (He is not an American student. ) Ta shi Zhongguo liuxuesheng. (He is an international student from China. ) Wang Xiaoxiao shi Beijingren. (Wang Xiaoxiao is from Beijing. Zhang Yizhong bu. shi Beijingren, shi Shanghairen. , (ZhangYizhong is not from Beijing. He is from Shanghai. ) Robert hai you yi. ge Yingguo tongxue jiao Alex. Robert ,? Alex. (Robert also has a cl assmate from Britain, whose name is Alex. ) Ta ye shi liuxuesheng. (He is also an international student. ) Robert gen Alex dou hen xi. huan Zhongguo. (They both like China. ) Robertand Alex ye dou hen xi. huan Zhongwen. (Also they both like Chinese. ) Ni. shi Meiguo shenme di. fang ren? (Where are you from in the U. S.? ) ren. hi nimen hen gao. xing. (It is my pleasure to know you. ) 3. Please read the following poems Jing ye si (Li Bai) Chuang qian ming yue guang, Yi shi di shang shuang. ju tou wang ming yue, di tou si gu xiang. (In the legato night So bright a gleam on the foot of my be intimate Could there have been a cover already? Lifting myself to look, I found that it was moonlight. sinking back again, I thought all of a sudden of shell. ) Chun xiao (Meng Haoran) Chun mian bu jue xiao, Chu chu wen ti niao. Ye lai feng yu sheng, hua luo zhi duo shao. A work morning conjure up light-hearted this morning of spring, all over round me the notification of birds But now I echo the night, the storm, And I wonder how many blossoms were broken. Yong e (Luo hive away Wang) e e e, Qu xiang xiang tian ge, Baimao fu lu shui, Hong zhang bo qing bo. (Twisting its neck, , , , the goose is singing to the sky. With its white flight on the green water, the red palms are striking on the clear water. ) Hui xiang ou shu (He Zhizhang) Shao xiao li jia lao da gui, Xiang yin wei gai bin mao cui. er tong xiang jian bu xiang shi, Xiao wen ke cong he chu lai. (Coming home I go away home young. I return old Speaking as then, but with hair grown thin And the children, meeting me, do not know me. They smile and formulate Stranger, where do you come from? ) 4. Tongue twisters Si shi si. Shi shi shi. Shi si shi shi si. Si shi shi si shi. Si shi si shi si shi si. Four is four. decade is ten. Fourteen is fourteen. forty is forty. Forty four is forty four. Che shang you ge pen, Pen li you ge ping, ping ping ping, pang pang pang, bu zhi sh i pen peng ping hai shi ping peng pen. , , , , , There is a basin in the car, and a nursing bottle in the basin. Bin bin bin, bang bang bang, non knowing which is hitting which. Shu. shang you zhi xiao taozi, Shu xia you zhi xiao houzi. Feng chui tao shu hua hua xiang, Shu. shang diao xia xiao taozi. Taozi da zhao xiao houzi, Houzi chi diao xiao taozi. (There is a smatter on the tree, There is a rogue under the tree. The lead-in blows and the tree talks, With the wind, the cup of tea falls, Right onto the rapscallion. And the monkey eats the peach. ) , , ,